Protestant Reformation
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- Christian Humanism
- church reform, inner piety, study christian classics
- John Tetzel
- indulgence salesmen "coin in coffer rings, soul springs"
- Martin Luther
- 1505- sees corruption of church. 1517 - writes 95 thesis, warning Archbishop of Canterburry of the Church's crooked practices.
- Charles V
- emperor of roman empire, asked by pope to handle luther
- Anglicanism
- created by King Henry VIII b/c he wanted to divorce his wife. same beliefs as Catholicism, but Pope had no power. Act of Supremecy = no pope, more power
- Anabaptist
- separation of church and state. made up of ppl who volunteered to in it, didn't baptise babies b/c babies volunteer themselves
- Ignaitus of Loyola
- began jesuits, special vow of of obedience to pope. wrote spiritual exercises for the catholic counter reformation
- French Wars
- st. bartholomen's day massacre. spain had wars with turks, calvinists, and england
- Edict of Nantes
- 1598 Henry of Navarre granted equality to the huguenots
- Spanish Armada
- Philip II invades England with 130 ships and 30,000 men
- Thirty Years War
- 1618-1648 last of religious wars, holy romans vs. calvinist empire. ends roman empire
- Society of Jesus (jesuits)
- formed by ignatius of loyola. vow of obedience to pope. spread catholicism with education
- Wittenburg
- Luther born there
- Predestination
- god already knows whether you are going to elect or reprobate
- Edward Vi
- son of Henry VII, baby king, taken advantage of by Thomas Cranmer, which made England more Protestant
- Erasmus
- laid egg that luther hatched, wrote Praise of Folly. wasn't noticed by church b/c few people could read
- Leo X
- corrupt pope, sold simony
- Peace of Augsburg
- 1555 agreement b/t Charles V and German Princes: "the religion is his who has the region" also opened way to other protestant relgions
- John Calvin
- 1509-1564 forms calvinism, wrote insites of the christian relgion
- Calvinism
- 3 main beliefs of lutheranism, predestination. replaced lutheranism
- Council of Trent
- 1545- affirm faith and work. scripture and church, indulgences, relics, popes, clergy
- Henry of Nacarre
- Huguenot leader who converted to Catholicism when he became king of France of gain power. "paris is worth as mass"
- Philip II
- king of spain. wanted to strenthen CATHOLIC rule. reconquista vs muslims and vs protestants/jews
- Sir Francis Drake
- british, dfends england against spanish armada
- Diet of Worms
- 1521 - Charles V calls luther to recant his writings, luther doesn't recant, peasants support him
- Julius II
- 1505 - 1513 - renaissance warrior pope, great patron of art ex. michenlangelo
- Simony
- sell church offices and indulgences
- Peasants' Revolt
- 1524-1526- Luther in hiding, told them to stop, sided with princes b/c he need their power
- Ulrich Zwingli
- introduce reform, remove relics, decoration, paintings. new service: scripture, prayer, serman; work matters, communion symbol of body blood
- Lutheranism
- faith alone, only scripture, priesthood of all believers. 2 sermons: communion and baptism
- St. Barthomens Day Massacre
- French Catholics massacre Huguenots, 3000 killed
- Elizabeth I
- Queen of England, restores Anglican church. executes Mary of Scotland which pisses off Philip II
- Witchcraft Hysteria
- 16th-17th century. catholics/protestants accusing eachother of being wtiches. social turmoil of the time, became personal
- Nepotism
- giving high positions to relatives
- Papal Bull
- order from the pope, Luther recieved one and he burned it
- Thomas Cranmer
- grants permission to Henry VIII to re-marry
- Paul III
- starts catholic counter reformation
- Peace of Westphelia
- after 30 yrs wars, all christian denominations had free range
- Munster
- anabaptists tried to rule