Close Up--Terms
Terms
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- The Executive Branch
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Made up of the President, Cabinet, Federal agencies
carries out laws
creates budget - The Congress
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Makes laws (Legislative)
Senate (100) & House of Reps (435)
Reps elected by district, 2yrs
Senators elected by state, 6ys -
The Supreme Court
Chief? -
9 Justices, serve for life
Judicical Branch-interprets
appointed by prez, approved by senate
chief = John G. Roberts Jr. - Checks and balances
- 3 branches create a balance of power so no branch/person has too much power
- USA Patriot Act
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put into action by Bush admin
feds get more surveillance
infringe on civil liberties
"security threats" allow them - The Bill of Rights
- 1st ten amendments, protect civil/individual liberties
- The Second Amendment
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protects the right to own firearms. Included so militias can be formed, lot of controversy
Brady Law
93 Handgun control act
left to states - Roe v. Wade (1973)
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Woman's right to choose
ruled-abortion is illegal
case is being brought back to the supreme court - Texas V. Johnson (1989)
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Burning of An american flag
ruling-is legal under freedom of speech/expression - Democracy
- A system of governance where citizens rule directly or through elected officials
- Imperialism
- The expansion of a country ('s power) through colonies, wars
- Free Market Economy
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economies not controlled by gov't, but by supply and demand
laissez faire - Nationbuilding
- creating democracies in developing countries or nations recovering from wars
- Zionism
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1897-the movement to make a jew. homeland near palestine--the original home of the jews
Israel - Balfour Declaration
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1917 agreement to establish Israel in Palestine for jews
made by British
1947-UN establishes Israel - Six Day War
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1967- War: Israel vs. neighboring countries ( Jordon, Egypt, Syria)
Israel captures Sinai, Gaza, West Bank etc.
Israel attacks preemptively - Persian Gulf War
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1990-
US want's Iraq's WMD, Hussein refuses inspectors, US puts $$ sanctions on Iraq - PLO
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Palestine Liberation Organization
tries to destrct Israel, get back state - The "Road Map"
- 2002- Road Map To Peace created by EU, US, Russia & UN. aims for independent palestine and peaceful Israel
- The Cold War
- "war" in Europe, E. Europe and USSR vs. W. Europe (democratic) & US
- The Iron Curtain
- Europe divided into East and West--border is heavily guarded, called "Iron Curtain"-- No one could get through to either side
- NATO/The Warsaw Pact
- N. Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)-military alliance between US & other W. Euro countreies. Warsaw Pact--counterpart (1955)
- The EU and the EURO
- Made w. Maastricht Traty, called for monetary unity. 1993--Euro is created, 1999-Euro is currency most of Europe
- Plessy v Ferguson (1896)
- Court rules in favor of segregation-- "Separate but Equal"
- Brown v Board of Education (1954)
- Ruled against segregation in schools-was not/could not be equal
- ADA (1990)
- American with Disabilities Act...protects ppl w. disabilites in employment & education. Provides money for services for disabled
- Defense of Marriage Act (1996)
- Allows a state to deny legal recognition of same-sex couples. Defines marriage (under fed. law) as between man and woman
- Arms Race
- Cold War- US and USSR gathered nuclear weapons to prevent the other from attacking- "Mutual Assured Destruction"
- UN Nuclear Proliferation Treaty
- 1968-Grants all signatories access to nuc. tech. in the afreement they would use for peace. 188 countries sign by 2005
- Preemption
- Part of counter-proliferation (preemptive attack. Preemption is now being seen as form of defense
- WMD
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Weapons of Mass Destruction--
includes bio and chem weapons
anthrax, smallpox, bubonic plague, ChemWConv bans chem weapons (1993), bio weapon conv bans bio wepaons (1972) - NMD
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Nat'l Missile Defense
guards US of ballistic missiles
involves radars & interceptors - Inflation & Rate of Inflation
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Increase of prices and services, may not be accompanied by increase in wages--lowers standard of living
rate=2.7% - Unemployment & Rate of Unemployment
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When ppl who want to work cannot find jobs, gov't tries to lower unemployment(less taxes, more ss)
rate-5.5% - Recession
- When the $$ declines due to high unemplyment & reduced production. Gov't fights w. fiscal policy & reduced interest
- G-8
- A group of 8 leading countries in industry/$$. Summit each year. G-8= Canada, France, Germany Italy, Japan, Russia, UK, US
- Outsourcing (of jobs)
- When companies hire workers from outside the country (cheap labor), and skilled. Bad for $$
- Handgun Control Act (Brady Law) (1993)
- Creates a mandatory 5-day waiting period before buying a handgun, and does background check
- Causes of Crime
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Prevention or punishment?
Causes= poverty, drug abuse, lack of employment, access to firearms - Interdiction
- Way of preventing drugs form entering market. Happens through negotiations w. drug producing countries & surveillance on imports
- Ferman v. Georgia (1972)
- Ruled that anyone under the age of 15 being executed is "cruel and unusual punishment" not constitutional
- OMB/Fiscal Year
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OMB= Office of Management and Budget
Fiscal year=begins Oct 1, ends sept 30
OMB produces budget - Four Categories of Fed. Budget
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-Defense
-Nondefense discretionary
environment, edu, highways--budgetary programs
-mandatory
social security, medicare, "entitlements"
-interest on Nat'l budget
interest for money gov't owes - Budget Deficits/Deficit Spending
- how much spending overrides deficit, causes treasury to borrow $$--drives up interest
- The Nat'l Debt
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$8 trillion
total sum of borrowed $$ from lending inst., foreign banks, US pop, itself
keeps growing - Department of Homeland Security
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2003
Bush created new cabinet dept-
DHS
merged 22 fed agencies dealing w. defense
-immigration
-border control
-customs
-transportation
-security
-emergency response
-coast guard - War Powers Resolution
- 1973-Congress passes res. prez needs congress power to send trops to countries, places time limits on troop use w/o declaring war, congress has power to bring troops home
- "Back Door" Draft
- no draft currently, but the pentagon is requiring volunteers to do extra hours and extra work, national guard also asked to do mil. work=called "back door draft"
- Peacekeeping
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Kosovo, Haiti, Bosnia, Liberia, Afghanistan, Iraq
US troops are sent in after a conflict to maintain peace, "prevents breeding grounds for terrorists", troops help rebuild