Western Civ Midterm
Terms
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- Polis
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8th BC
emerged, city state, political and social urban center (Athens, early Rome) - Homer
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8th BC
Greek epic poet, wrote the Illiad and the Odyssey - Hoplites
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7th BC
changed warfare, no heroes, just lots of men, phalanx formation - Lycurgus
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7th BC
Spartan leader, militarized the society, prohibited coinage - Cleisthenes
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6th BC
Athenian archon, reformed elections, introduced ostracism - Cincinnatus
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5th BC
Roman Consul, appointed dictator for 6 months to defeat the Aequi - Thucydides
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5th BC
Greek historian, wrote on war between Athens and Sparta - Peloponnesian War
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5th BC
between Athens(sea) and Sparta(land) and their allies - Socrates
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5th BC
Athenian philosopher, Plato's teacher, reexamine all assumptions - Sophocles
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5th BC
Athenian, wrote Oedipus at Colonus and Greek tragedies - Pericles
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5th BC
Athenian leader, paid day's wages for assembly participants - Plato
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4th BC
Athenian philosopher, wrote "Republic", said smart guardians should rule - Alexander the Great
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4th BC
king of Macedonia, conquered known world, founded Alexandria - Aristotle
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4th BC
Athenian philosopher, Plato's student, happiness through virtue - Epicurus
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4th BC
Greek philosopher, pleasure and serenity of the mind are best good - Stoicism
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3rd BC
philosophy, founded by Zeno(Athenian), relative evil, no control - Zeno
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3rd BC
Athenian, founded Stoicism, materialist, lack of control in the world - Hannibal
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3rd BC
Carthaginian general, invaded Italy, defeated at Zama by Scipio - Punic Wars
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3rd BC
Rome vs. Carthage, 3 wars, Rome won, destroyed city of Carthage in 146 - Gracchus Brothers
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2nd BC
Roman tribunes, land law restricts large holdings - Polybius
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2nd BC
Greek hisotrian, national cycles of growth/decay, liked Rome (balance) - Pompey
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1st BC
Roman general, conquered Syria and Palestine, defeated by Caesar - Julius Caesar
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1st BC
marched on Rome, became dictator, conquered Gual, Julian calendar - Augustus
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1st BC
First roman emperor, public services, tax/monetary reform - Cicero
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1st BC
influential Roman stoic, orator, and writer - Marius
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1st BC
Roman general, eliminated property requirement for the army - Sulla
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1st BC
Roman general, appointed dictator(unlimited term), retired 3 yrs later - Tacitus
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1st AD
Historian, wrote "Agricola" and "Germania", moral indictments of Roman society - Tiberius
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1st AD
Roman emperor, skilled administrator, problems with Senate, angered elite - Nero
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1st AD
Roman emperor, popular with masses, built "Golden House" and baths - Hadrian
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2nd AD
Roman emperor, built wall in Northern Britain, defensive policy - Neoplatinism
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3rd AD
philosophy, founded by Plotinus, withdrawal from world, mysticism - Asceticism
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3rd AD
major Neoplatonic doctrine, emancipate soul, subjugate body - Augustine
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4th AD
Bishop of Hippo, Christian intellect, human evils and good afterlife, soul vs. flesh - Constantine
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4th AD
Roman emperor, Christian, instituted hereditary succession - St. Benedict
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6th AD
founded Benedictine monks, Latin rule, poverty, chastity, etc. - Justinian
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6th AD
eastern Roman emperor, codified Roman law, tried recovering the west - Clovis
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6th AD
established Frankish royal dynasty(Merovingian), Catholic king - Hegira/Hijrah
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7th AD
Muslim migration with Muhammad from Mecca to Yathrib(Medina) - Muhammad
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7th AD
founded Islam, moved with followers to Yathrib(Medina) in the Hijrah/Hegira - Charles Martel
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8th AD
Frankish king, consolidated Frankish state, beat Muslims at Tours - Charlemagne
- 9th AD Frankish king, conquered Saxons and converted them, Roman emperor
- Manorialism
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9th AD
decentralized government, self-sufficient manors w/surrounding lands - Cluny
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10th AD
Benedictine house, direct papal protection, network of subordinate houses - Battle of Hastings
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11th AD
(1066) William's Normans defeated King Harold's English - Gregory VII
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11th AD
Pope, called on laity to help discipline their priests - Henry IV
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11th AD
Holy Roman emperor, fought Saxons, finally abased himself to the Pope - Investiture Controversy
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11th AD
can a layman (Henry IV) appoint bishops/abbots? - Henry II
- 12th AD king of England, instituted grand juries, trial juries, procedures
- Richard I
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12th AD
"Lionheart", helped lead the 3rd crusade, able general - St. Thomas Becket
- 12th AD Archbishop of Canterbury, killed by Henry II's knights
- Frederick Barbarossa
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12th AD
Holy Roman Emperor, let German princes rule freely - St. Bernard of Clairvaux
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12th AD
Cistercian preacher/monk, asceticism - St. Thomas Aquinas
- 13th AD French Dominican, defended faith through reason
- Philip IV
- 13th AD French king, centralized govt, Estates General, reduced papal power
- Dominicans
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13th AD
monastic order, fight heresy and convert Jews/Muslims - Dante
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13th AD
wrote Divine Comedy, expelled from Florence - Boniface VIII
- 13th AD pope, end of papal monarchy, many disputes with kings
- St. Francis of Assisi
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13th AD
rich Italian, gave away everything, founded Franciscans - Frederick II
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13th AD
Holy Roman Emperor, recovered Sicily and Jerusalem - Innocent III
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13th AD
Pope, summoned 4th crusade, which failed miserably - Magna Carta
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13th AD
document limited royal power in taxes, trials and law - John I
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13th AD
English king, forced by barons to sign Magna Carta - St. Louis IX
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13th AD
French king, well loved, brought peace and prosperity to France - Hundred Years War
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14th AD
between France and England, succession of French throne - Estates General
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14th AD
French assembly, represented clergy, nobility and populace - Crecy
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14th AD
Hundredy Years' War battle in 1346, outnumbered English beat French - Black Death
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14th AD
combined bubonic and pneumonic plagues, reduced populations - Boccaccio
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14th AD
realist, wrote vernacular prose on love, sex, humor, ie people - Edward III
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14th AD
English king during successful campaigns in France in 100 Years War - Chaucer
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14th AD
English writer, vernacular literature, Caterbury Tales, human comedy - Giotto
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14th AD
Florentine naturalist painter, first to use perspective - Petrarch
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14th AD
Italian Renaissance humaniist writer, sonnets, committed Catholic - Humanism
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15th AD
Italian Renaissance ideal, study of Latin/Greek language/literature - Leonardo Bruni
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15th AD
civic humanist, writes on importance of Latin and Greek studies - Masaccio
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15th AD
Italian painter, begain perspective/depth, "imitate nature" - Cosimo de Medici
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15th AD
founded Platonic Academy in Florence