Unit 5
Review flash cards
Terms
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- Absolute Monarchy
- a system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power
- English Civil War
- Charles I tried to advocate the divine right of kings and bring more absolutist policies to England. He was also seen as bringing too much Catholic influence to the Church of England. War broke out between Parliament's supporters(Roundheads)and the kings's supporters(Cavaliers). Later Charles I was tried and executed in 1649 as a"tyrant,traitor,murderer,and public enemy". Oliver Cromwell,leader of military,ruled England as "Lord Protector" until 1658.
- Miguel de Cervantes
- 1st Novel; Spanish writer best remembered for 'Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616)
- Scientific Revolution
- an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method
- Charles II
- King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1660-1685) who reigned during the Restoration, a period of expanding trade and colonization as well as strong opposition to Catholicism
- English Bill Of Rights
- King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.
- Age of Absolutism
- 1650-1789, a purposeful attempt by European rulers to attend their royal or dynastic control over all aspects of life in the lands they ruled
- Fallow
- cultivated land that is not seeded for one or more growing seasons
- Peter the Great
- Ruler of Russia[22]; Westernized Russia; created a Navy; Moved capital to St. Petersburg
- Enlightenment
- a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions
- Federick The Great
- Ruler of Prussia; Centralized Gov't and it it under his control; Devotged his life to the Prussian Army made most efficient fighting force in Europe
- Thomas Hobbes
- English; 1588-1679; Leviathan; People are bad; Absolute Monarchy
- John Locke
- English; 1632-1704; Two Treatises of gov't; 3 Main rights[Life liberty and property] Gov't Protects rights.
- Age of Reason
- Another name for it is The Enlightenment and it took place in the 18th century it developed as a result as the scientific revolution; Religious/Artistic/Technological Advances
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- French; 1712-1778; The Social Contract; Gov't should exist to protect common good/Democracy
- Constitutional Monarchy
- A King or Queen is the official head of state but power is limited by a constitution.
- Oliver Cromwell
- Leader of military; Ruled England as, "Lord Protector" until 1658; Dictator;
- Voltaire
- French/ Wrote Candine that was a satire./ Believed in free speech and separation of church and state
- Louis XIV
- One of the most powerful monarchs of Europe, ruling 72 years. He was famous for his quote,"I am the state." Moved capital to Versailles which became a symbol of power. Sun King
- Montesquieu
- French; 1689-1755; The Spirit of Laws; Separation of powers i.e. Judicial/Legislative/Executive
- William Harvey
- He refined Vesalius ideas and showed that the heart was the beginning of the bloods circulation
- Glorious Revolution
- A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.
- Johann Sebastian Bach
- Born 1685 in Germany; traveled and brought new music ideas to the church; Baroque style: complex, multilayered
- Eugene Delacroix
- French romantic painter, master of dramatic colorful scenes that stirred the emotions. Greatest romantic painters. Fascinated with remote and exotic subjects. Masterpiece: Liberty Leading the People
- William and Mary
- Parliament replaced James II with his daughter MARY and her husband WILLIAM of Orange. William and Mary had to accept the English Bill of Rights; Glorious Revolution
- Scientific Method
- a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses; Francis Bacon
- Heliocentric
- Nicholas Copernicus; Sun is center of universe
- Charles I
- Son of James I, a king of England. He tried to govern without Parliament and to finance the English government by arbitrary levies, which brought large political conflict.
- Johannes Kepler
- proved elliptical orbits
- Geocentric
- Belief that Earth was Center of universe
- Isaac Newton
- Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion of the universe.
- Galileo Galilei
- Built telescope. Saw mountains on the moon. used it to prove the heliocentric theory. troubled Catholic Church and tried to force him to abandon his system.
- Nicholaus Copernicus
- Heliocentric Theory[Sun is Centered]
- Divine right of kings
- the belief that the authority of kings comes directly from God
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Born 1756 in Austria. Musical prodigy. Traveled through Europe. Rebelled against church rules. Classical Style,