LING. UNIT 3
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- the study of how speech sounds are organized in the linguistic competence of a native speaker
- PHONOLOGY
- sounds accompanied by an extra puff of air
- ASPIRATED STOP
- part of a speaker's linguistic competence.
- PHONETIC INVENTORY
- Two words that differ by only one sound in the same position and they differ in meaning
- MINIMAL PAIRS
- Give a minimal pair where the sounds differ in the initial position:
- PAT/BAT
- Give a minimal pair where the sounds differ in the medial position:
- FAT/FIT
- Give a minimal pair where the sounds differ in the final position:
- SEE/SAW
- Word pairs that look much like minimal pairs and are nearly identical. These pairs show how certain sounds change the words' meaning.
- NEAR MINIMAL PAIRS
- an abstract concept used by linguists to represent each of the meaningful sounds in a native speaker's linguistic competence
- PHONEME
- The proceding and following sounds that surround a phoneme
- PHONETIC ENVIRONMENT
- Sounds stored in a native speaker's phonemic inventory are called
- PHONEME
- Sounds produced depending on the phonetic environment are called
- ALLOPHONE
- Phonemes are written between ____ and allophones are written between _____
- SLASHES; BRACKETS
- In transcription, nasal vowels are indicated by putting a ____ over the vowel
- tilde [~]
- If the transcription shows allophonic variation, as in [bĩn] 'bean', it is called
- NARROW TRANSCRIPTION
- If the transcription is less detailed and doesn't show allophonic variation, as in [bin] 'bean', it is called
- BROAD TRANSCRIPTION
- The phonemes of a language comprise the ___________ of that language.
- PHONETIC INVENTORY
- Vowel _____________ occurs when speakers unconsciously anticipate the lowering of the velum for a following nasal consonant.
- NASALIZATION
- ___________ refers to sounds that are produced with an accompanying burst of air.
- ASPIRATION
- The _________________ of a language is organized to differentiate those sounds which contribute to meaningful differences in words from those which do not.
- PHONEMIC INVENTORY
- Different sounds that occur in exactly the same phonetic environment are said to be in
- COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION
- The ______________ of a particular sound is determined by the sounds that occur around it.
- PHONETIC ENVIRONMENT
- _____________ occur in contrastive distribution with other phonemes.
- ALLOPHONES
- Different sounds that cannot occur in the same environment are in _____________
- CONTRASTIVE DISTRIBUTION
- "where one sound can occur, the other one never does"
- COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION
- When speakers can substitute one sound for another in the same phonetic environment with no change in meaning
- FREE VARIATION
- occurs when the blockage of air flow is not released at the end of its articulation.
- UNRELEASED STOP
- The absence of possible sound sequences in a language
- ACCIDENTAL GAP
- Constraints on allowed and disallowed sound sequences
- PHONOTACTICS
- When phonological deletion occurs...
- a Phoneme is omitted in a particular phonetic environment
- Released and unreleased voiceless stops in English are in...
- FREE VARIATION
- Phonological contract is used to identify
- PHONEMES
- In English, nasal and non-nasal vowels are in..
- COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION
- Voiced and voiceless stops in English are/are not contrastive distribution
- ARE NOT
- Narrow transcrition shows ____ variation
- ALLOPHONIC