Phonetics
Terms
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- liquid
- this is generic term for american english . these sounds have much in common and at times its useful to treat them as a unique class
- LAX
- are produced with reduced muscular tension unstressed even though in a strictly physiological sense all the sounds are lax, (lip rounding)roof of the tongue is more relax when you make a vowel.
- Affricates
- stop release into the fricative position, produced as a single speech sound
- retroflex
- curled back, position of r
- onglides
- sounds used to approach or glide into another sound
- Sibilants
- phoneme and have two characteristic which includes grooving of tongue and because of the location of constriction there going to be high frequency
- offglides
- sounds that transition from a vowel to terminate syllable
- rhotic
- vowels with r coloring specially the "ERs" in american dialect are rhotic the rhoticized voweles are phonetic reality and should be represented in a diskussion of the distinctive feature for americna english vowels
- GAE
- General American English
- dipthongs
- combinations of sounds, the articulation movemenets for the dipthongs is made so smoothly thast we...the sounds occur in stressed for unstressed syllables
- Emphasis
- stress multisyllabic at phrase level longer duration muscles.
- SAE
- Standard American English
- phonological processes
- consistently occuring deviations in speech, usually simplification of adult patters
- resonance
- is the process of modifying a sound by passing it through an airfilled cavity or by placing a vibrating object against another object capable of vibrating
- Tense
- either vowels or consonants are made with considerable muscular contraction in the root of the tongue
- sonorants
- the channel through which the air passes either, oral or nasal is relatively open therefore, all the vowel like features maybe classified as sononrants all voiced no cognate pair
- Nasal Murmur
- low frequency resonance that is associated with nasal
- stridents
- the affricative and some of the fricatives are stridents these sounds are made by directing the airflow against a surface, such as the back of the upper teeth, so that considerable friction is produced teeth or bone involved
- formants
- are areas with in the vocal tract that resonate these areas are display in a spectogram of energy and appear as dark bands, place with in vocal tract that amplify the sound.
- Supra-Segmental Feature
- word levels about and beyond affects or features of speech that involves more than just phonemes or words; they include a komplex combination of stress at word level word emphasizes at phrase level phrasing whereyou pause intonation
- consonant clusters
- a consonant cluster is a group of consontant that appear together in a syllable with out a vowel between them
- homorganic
- the sounds are made with the same articulators although differing in one or more phonetic feature and produce at the same place of articulation they differ by manner of production(analyzing sound that are going on)
- intonation
- sound melody the pitch of the language
- approximants
- are made so that the articulators approach each other, but not to the extent that turbulance is produced as a rule, the nasals are not considered as approximants because they are resonanted through the nose: liquid nasals, glides nasal touch the articulator that do not touch
- laterals
- airflow around one or both sides of the tongue (L)
- Fricativies
- continuance whose manner of production is via partial blockage of airflow that eliminates from the lungs, causing, turbulance or friction during production of speech.
- obstruents
- characterized by an obstructed vocal tract either complete or partial, those consonant that are noisy it causes frication.
- stress
- distinguished vowels insyllables of primary emphasis
- Syllabic consonants
- consonants that serves the function of a vowel as the nucleus of an accented syllable
- glides
- are consonants that provide a rapid transition usually to a following vowel
- Nasal
- phoneme that are produced by the coupling of the oral and nasal cavities and add nasal resonance to the phoneme
- co-articulation
- the effect one sound has upon another secondary to anticipation of the next sound or residual of the previous sound
- nucleus
- part of the dipthong that is longer, the beginning part is longer