4n051a Volume 3 CDC Study Questions

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How do the structures of the cells in the human body differ?: Size and Shape
What is the outermost layer of a cell called?: Cell Membrane
Where are most living substances contained within a cell?: Cytoplasm
Which part of a cell carries vital DNA information to newly forming cells: Centrisomes
Which part is considered as the "brain" of the cell?: Nucleus
When does the life cycle of a cell begin and end?: From when it is formed till it reproduces
How many general processes are involved in the cell life cycle?: Mitosis,cytoplasmic division, interfase, cell differentation
What is the dividing of a cell's nucleus called?: Mitosis
In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up in an orderly fashion and prepare to divide?: Metaphase
In which phase of mitosis does cytoplasmic division begin?: Anaphase
What are the four general types of tissue found in the body?: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and Nervous
Where can epithelial tissue be found?: Covering all body surfaces inside and out
What are the three types of muscle tissue: Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth
What is the outermost layer of the epidermis: Stratum Corneum
What layer of the skin contains blood vessels, sweat glands, and hair follicles: Dermis
Hair shafts are composed mainly of what type of cells?: Dead epidermal cells
What type of sweat gland is usually connected to hair follicles?: Apocrine Glands
What type of glands secretes sebum?: Sebaceous Glands
What is one function of the integumentary system?: One of the following: body temperature regulation, protection, and external physical characteristics
When external temperatures are high, what do blood vessels in the skin do?Why?: Dilate to permit increase in blood-flow and stimulate sweating
What substance is produced in the deepest layer of the epidermis to protect the skin against damage caused by ultraviolet rays from the sun?: Melanin
How does aging affect the skin?: Diminishes elasticity and Strength
What are the two categories of lesions found in the integumentary system?: Primary and Secondary
What condition could result from a blockage of capillary blood flow?: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
What is the medical term for a boil?: Furunculosis
What age group does thrush commonly affect?: Infants
What condition results in visible inflammation of the nail bed and local tenderness?: Paronychia
What condition can result when larger blood vessel rupture and cause a pooling of blood beneath the skin surface?: Hematoma
What type of frostbite is characterized by mottled blue-white sking?: Deep frostbite
Blisters are a sign of what type of burns: Second Degree (Partial thickness Burns)
An adult's entire right leg accounts for what percentage of body surface area?: 18%
What is the outermost portion of a bone called?: Periosteoum
What is the main portion of a bone called?: Compact Bone
What is a condyle?: Rounded bone end
How many muscles are in the body?: 500
What is the outer surface of a muscle called?: Epimysium
What type of muscle is found in the walls of blood vessels: Multi-Unit
What type of joint is a suture?: One where there is no movement
What type of joint is condyloid?: Synovial
What is the "hematopoiesis": Process of blood cell formation
What condition results from a loss of bone mineral content?: Osteoperosis
Increased temperature in an area of bone mass is one symptom of what bone diseases?: Bone tumors
Which parts of the upper extremeties does rheumatoid arthritis most commonly affect?: Wrists and hands
What is a muscle strain?: Over stretched or torn
A bone fracture with no obvious deformity is classified as what type of fracture: Non-displaced
Describe an "oblique" fracture: A break that extends at an angle across the bone
Where will numbness often be experienced in relation to a herniated disk?: Below the site of injury
In what area of the thorax is the heart located?: Mediastinum
What valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle?: Mitral (Bicuspid)
What are the two largest veins in the body?: Superiour and Inferior Vena Cava
What type of antigens and Rh factor does a person with type AB+ blood have?: Antigen A, antigen B, and RH factor D
Map the route of the circulating blood as is leaves the left ventricle.: See 414 Question 1
What are the two functions of the lymphatic system?: Help maintain proper fluid balance and help defend the body against infection
After passing through the lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels merge to form what component of the lymphatic system?: Lymphatic Trunks
What vein is joined to the thoracic duct?: Left Subclavian vein
Into which vein (or veins) does all lymph eventually empty?: One of the two subclavian veins
What are the macrophages?: Infection fighting organisms in the lymph
What is the function of lymphocytes?: To fight infection
What condition is characterized by the buildup of calcium deposits inside the arteries: Arteriosclerosis
What is the most common cause of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries?: Cholesterol
What is the common problem associated with all types of hemophilia?: the inability of the blood to clot properly
What conditon is characterized by the prescence of blood leaking into the pericardial sac?: Cardiac Tamponade
How is a pulse pressure determined?: By determining the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure
To what part of the circulatory system do the alveoli connect directly?: Capillaries
What is the main function of the pleurae? How many layers do the pleurae have?: To protect the lungs. Two
How many lobes does the right lung have?: Three
Where are intercostal muscles?: Between the ribs
What is the primary stimulus to breathe?: The need to eliminate carbon dioxide from the body
What controls the action of the diaphragm?: Phrenic Neves
When filled to capacity, approximately how much air can the lungs hold?: 6 Liters
What test is necessary to confirm a diagnosis of active TB?: TB skin test
What disease is characterized by the enlargement, over-distention, and destructive changes in the air space of the lungs?: Emphysema
What is pleurisy?: Infection of the pleural sac
"Paradoxical Motion" is a sign of what condition?: Flail chest
What term is used to indicate the presence of air in the thoracic cavity?: Pneumothorax
What condition is characterized by the presence of blood, instead if air, in the pleural space?: Hemothorax
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?: Central and Peripheral
Where is the motor area of the cerebrum located?: Frontal
What is the name of the third cranial nerve?: Oculmotor nerve
What type of movements does the somatic nervous system control?: Voluntary
What part of the nervous system automatically causes the body fundtions to speed up?: Sympathetic
What part of the nervous system automatically causes body functions to return to normal?: Parasympathetic
Migrane headaches usually occur less frequently after what age?: 35 and up
What is the duration of each cluster headache?: 10 minutes to several hours
How many general categories of convulsion are there?: Two
What type of disorder is Bell's palsy: Cranial Nerve Disorder
What is one sign of a serious brain injury?: CSF fluid in the ears and nose
What causes a concussion?: Head trauma producing a brief loss of consciousness, immediately followed by confusion or memory loss
Where will loss of function be evident in a case of a severed spinal cord?: Below the level of injury.
What is contained in the third layer of the alimentary canal wall?: Submucosa
What are "decidious" teeth?: A persons first set of teeth
What portion of the pharynx is located behind the palate and serves as a passageway for food and air?: Oropharynx
What quadrant is the stomach located in?: Upper left quadrant
Where is the gall bladder located?: Along the inferior surface of the liver.
Where is bile produced?: In the liver
What are the involuntary muscle contractions that move food from the esophagus to the stomach?: Peristalsis
Where is bile produced? Where is it stored?: Liver/ Gallbladder
What is the function of the villi in the smal intestine?: To absorb nutrients
What is gastroenteritis?: Acute inflamation of stomach and intestinal linings
What disorder is characterized by the presence of gallstones?: Cholelithiasis
What three things determine the severity of a penetrating injury to the abdomen?: Size and force of injury and the affected organs
List the signs and symptoms of esophageal trauma and perforations: Local pain, dysphagia, Dyspnea if pressure applied, Elevated temperature, Blood stained or excessive salivation
Where are the kidneys located?: Superior portion of the posterior abnominal cavity
What is the concave portion of the kidney called?: Renal Pelvis
Between what two parts of the urninary system do the ureters extend?: Kidney's
What is the approximate length of the female urethra?: 1 1/2 inch
What happens to the fluid waste that is filtered from the blood by capilleries in the glomerulus?: It is squeezed into Bowman Capsules
What is the capacity of an adults urinary bladder?: 1000-1800ml
What is the final step of the urination process?: Urethra carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
What is anuria?: No urine caused by kidney problems or obstruction
What is diuresis?: Increased production of urine
What is polyuria?: Excessive output of urine
What is uremia?: Substances normally put in urine are excreted in the blood
What are most kidney stones composed of?: Calcium
What is cystis?: A bladder infection
What disorder results from exposure to a bacterial source, but it can also be caused by an obstruction, trauma, pregnancy, or metabolic disorder?: Infection of the Renal Pelvis or Pylonephritis
What are the primary male sex organs?: The Testes
What are the two male external acessory sex organs?: Penis and Scrotum
Where is the prostate gland located?: Surrounds the beginning of the urethra just below the urinary bladder
What two male internal accessory sex organs does the vas deferens connect?: Epidemis and the seminal vessicle
After sperm cells are produced, where do they mature?: Epididymus
Why does the prostate gland secrete fluid into the ejaculatory duct?: To protect sperm from acidic secretions
What male hormone is responsible for male characteristics (e.g., growth of body hair and thickening of vocal cords)?: Testosterone
What are the primary female sex organs?: Ovaries
What holds ovaries in their poition?: Ligaments
How many layers does the uterine wall have?: 3
How many female external accessory organs are there?: 4
At what age do females usually reach puberty?: 13
What is the first menstrual cycle in the life of a female called?: Menarche
What are the two "female" hormones?: Estrogen & Progesterone
When do menses begin?: Approximately day 28
What sexually transmitted disease is caused by the treponema pallidum?: Syphillis
When are the more painful sores of genital herpes usually experienced?: Onset/Initially
What bacterial infection is similar to gonorrhea and can result in male prostate or epididymis infections?: Chlamydia
What condition is characterized by inflammation of the vagina?: Vaginitis
What condition is characterized by an abnormal growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus?: Endometriosis
Where is the lacrimal gland located?: Within the orbit on the side of the eye
How many extrinsic muscles extend form the outer surface of the eye to the bones of the orbit?: Six
Where is vitreous humor located?: Posterior cavity of the eye behind the lens
What muscle causes the eye to rotate toward the midline?: Medial Rectus
What is "accomodation"?: The ability of the lens to adjust it's thicknes and shape to focus on objects at various distances.
What two actions occur in the lens when you look at a distant object?: Ciliary muscles relax and the lens becomes thinner
What are the two external ear structures?: Auricle (or pinna) and external auditory canal
What is the system of chambers and tubes in the inner ear called?: Labyrinth
Approximately how many hair cells are located in the organ of Corti?: 16,000
How many vibration per second can normal hearing detect: 20,000
What part of the ear does the pinna guide sound waves into?: External Auditory Canal
What does dynamic equilibrium involve?: Interpreting head and body movement
How many passageways are in the nasal conchae?: Three
Where are the olfactory receptors located?: In the upper posteriour nasal cavity
What are "olfactory tracts"?: Pathways that extend beyond olfactory bulbs
How many primary odor groups can the nose detect?: Seven
Why are some odors difficult for us to detect?: Because olfactory receptors are located high in the nasal cavity
What percent of odor intensity is lost within the first second after receptor stimulation?: 50
What does "OS" mean?: Left Eye
What is blepharitis?: Inflimation of the eyelid?
What percentage of foreign bodies affect only the cornea?: 25
Why are children especially susceptible to ear disorders?: Small size of estuchian tubes
What type of hearing loss is also referred to as perceptive loss?: Sensorineural
What is a common complication of a perforated tympanic membrane?: Infection
What condition is considered to be a complication of an upper respiratory tract infection?: Sinusitis
Where does epixtasis originate: Anterior nasal cavity
What is the primary concern associated with foreign bodies in the nose?: The potential of introducing foreign bodies into the respiratory tract.
What are cells that act as hormone receptors called?: Target Cells
What is the "master gland"?: The Pituitary
What gland secretes STH?: Anterior Pituitary
What hormone promotes the production of maternal milk following childbirth?: Prolactin
Where are the adrenal glands located?: Superior portion of the kidney
How many hormones are secreted by the Isles of Langerhans?: Three
Glucagon has a direct effect on which organ?: Liver
Memory impairment is a sign of what disorder of the endocrine system?: Hypothyroidism
Who is primarily affected by subacute thyroiditis?: young women
What part of the endocrine system is affected by primary aldosteronism?: Adrenal Cortex
What disorder is associated with adrenocortical insuffeciency?: Addison's Disease
What condition in males is characterized by inflammation of the urethra?: Urethritis
Where is the pain that is commonly associated with prostatitis?: Lower Back abdomen Rectum and glans penis

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Number of cards 176