Glencoe Biology Chapter 2
Terms
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- Levels of Organization
- How biologists organized living/nonliving things by population..communities...and ecosystems
- Individual organism
- possessing the characteristics of life: orderly structre, produces offspring, grow, develop and adjust to changes in environment
- Population
- a group of organisms of the SAME species living in the same place at the same time
- Community
- a collection of several populations that interact with each other in a common environment
- Ecosystem
- Interaction of communities with the environment (the physicl surroundings or abiotic (not living) factors
- Biosphere
- portion of earth that supports life..from the deepest ocean, to the land, to the skies.
- Abiotic factors
- nonliving parts of an organisms environment such as temperature, air currents, moisture, light, and soil
- Biotic factors
- all the living organisms that inhabit (or live in) an environment
- There are three types of ecosystems
- Terrestrial (land), Fresh Water, and Salt water
- Symbiosis
- a close association (relationship) between two or more organisms of DIFFERENT species (ex: flea and a dog).
- Parasitism
-
symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of the other organism
(ex: flea gets blood from dog) - Commensalism
- symbiotic relationship where one species benefits and the other is not harmed, but doesn't benefit (Ex: Plants growing on trees)
- Mutualism
-
a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit
(Ex: ants and acacia tree-tree provides nectar(food) for ants and a home and the ants protect the tree from other animals that try to feed on the tree) - Autotrophs
- uses light energy (the sun) to make own food. (trees)
- Heterotroph
-
Organisms that feed (or eat) other organisms to survive
(Man) - Herbivore
- Eats only plants (cow)
- Carnivore
- Eats only meat (lion)
- Omnivore
- Eats plants and animals (man)
- Scavenger
- Eats the left overs of another animal (Vulture)
- Decomposers
- break down dead organisms and receive energy from them
- Food Chain
- simple model that shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystem
-
Food Chain order
autotrophs-herbivores-carnivores-decomposers -
autotrophs-make own food
herbivores-eat autotrophs
carnivores-eat heterotrophs decomposers-break down leftovers - Ecology
- The study of interactions between organisms and their environments
- habitat
- the place where an organisms lives out its life
- niche
- all the strategies and adaptations a species uses in its environment to survive. Finding food, shelter, reproducing
- Trophic levels
- Each organism is the food chain represents a tropic level in the passing of energy and matter
- Food Web
- a web that shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community (who eats what)
- Biomass
- the total weight of LIVING matter at each trophic level