Psychology 13,14,15
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- Two types of goals
- Performance and Learning
- Collective unconscious
- A store of human concepts shared by all people across all cultures
- How to improve test performance
- gather info, practice with study group, read directions, preparation
- What did John B. Watson believe
- There are 3 instinctive emotions: fear, rage, and love
- Achievement motivation
- High personal standards of success
- Carl Rogers
- developed the self theory
- The two most commonly experienced emotions
- Anxiety and elation
- What did Katherine Bridges believe
- One basic emotion: excitement
- Ego
- Balance between id and superego
- How to answer essays
- understand the question and directions and create an outline
- cognitive appraisal
- The way one views the situations determines the emotion
- Validity scales
- pattens of answers
- What do stimulus motives include?
- sensory stimulus, activity, exploration, and manipulation
- Alfred Alder
- people are driven to overcome inferiority
- what is id?
- What one wants
- How to answer short answers
- brief but complete
- Balance Theory
- Organize perceptions, opinions, and beliefs in a harmonious manner
- Richard Solomon
- Opponent process theory
- Minnesota Multiphasic personality inventory
- objective test, used for clinical work
- Kuder Preference Record
- Vocational test, multiple choice
- Social learning
- focuses on observation and the role of the cognitive process
- Hippocrates
- personality determined by fluids
- Intrinsic awards
- Results of learning goals; include self-satisfaction
- Self Theory
- people have a need for consistency between their self-concepts and their experiences
- Cannon-Bard Theory
- Emotions accompany bodily responses
- Objective Personality Tests
- Questionnaire, standardized
- Nonbalance
- When people who have no feelings for each disagree; leaves people feeling indifferent
- Cognitive Consistency
- Behave in a way that others expect
- How to control test anxiety
- preparation, overlearn material, think helpful thoughts
- Vocational test
- interests similar to those of people in various occupations
- Hans Eysenck
- Proposed two personality dimensions: introversion-extroversion and stability-instablity
- What are hunger pangs
- growling and contractions in the stomach
- Gordon Alport
- Traits can be inherited and fixed in the nervous system
- Instinct Theory
- Behavior patterns that are genetically transmitted from generation to generation
- Causes of Obesity
- Heredity, metabolism, stress, and personal circumstances
- Carl Jung
- collective consciousness
- Two emotions of great importance
- Happiness and anger
- Norms
- established standards of performance
- Affiliation
- Join others and be part of something bigger than oneself
- Obesity
- defined as weighing more than 30 percent above one's recommended weight
- Raymond Cattell
- Identified 16 source traits
- What are the five periods the psychosexual development
- oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital
- Stimulus Motives
- Desires for stimulation
- The 4 theories of Motivation
- Instinct, drive-reduction, sociocultural and humanistic
- Humanistic
- people are motivated by the conscious desire for personal growth and artistic fulfillment
- California Psychological Inventory
- objective test; more valid and reliable
- Maslow's Hierachy of Needs
- Physiological, Safety, Love and Belongingness, Esteem, and Self-Actualization
- Sigmund Freud
- proposed the "inner conflict" approach and psychoanalytical to personality theory
- Superego
- Morality: what others want
- Behaviorism
- Focuses on environment
- Rorschach Inkblot test
- test takers interpret a series of inkblots
- What are two acts that help satisfy the Hunger Drive?
- Chewing and swallowing
- Drives
- the forces that motivate an organism to take action
- Projective Tests
- have no specified answers; open-ended format
- Homeostasis
- maintain a balance in the body
- How to answer multiple choice
- look for opposites, change if think you have made a mistake
- Cognitive Dissonance
- When thoughts and actions are inconsistent
- James-Lange theory on emotion
- Bodily responses produce emotion
- aptitude tests
- abilities
- hypothalamus
- the level of sugar in the blood and the part of the brain
- Achievement tests
- how much one has learned
- validity
- measures what is intended to measure
- karen Horney
- Social relationships
- Opponent process theory
- One emotion is followed by the opposite
- What did Carroll Izard believe?
- all emotions are present and distinct at birth, but happens gradually
- Archetypes
- ideas/images; hero
- What theory is Abraham Maslow a part of?
- Humanistic
- Defense mechanisms
- repress, displace, denial, rationalization, projection, reaction formation
- 4 functions of the mind
- thinking, feeling, intuition, and sensation
- Sensory Deprivation
- an absence of stimulation
- Extrinsic awards
- Results of Performance goals; include good grades and good income
- Erik Erikson
- Eight stages of psychological development
- Abraham Maslow
- believed that people wish to reach their full potential but must follow individual paths to do so
- Sociocultural
- Cultural experiences and factors influence the behavior that people use to satisfy those drives
- Socialization
- use of reinforcers to influence people to perform socially desirable behaviors
- Learning theory of Personality contains
- Behaviorism and social learning theories
- What did the ancient Chinese believed were the four inborn human emotions
- happiness, anger, sorrow, and fear
- The Thematic Apperception Test
- test takers create a story base on a picture
- Strong Campbell
- compares the interest of the test taker with that of people who enjoy various kinds of work
- Drive-reduction
- learn to reduce tension
- Imbalance
- When people who care for each other disagree
- What are the three psychological features of the mind?
- id, ego, superego
- 5 basic dimensions
- intro-extro, stability-instability, agree-disagree, open-close, conscious-careless