The Art of the Romans
Terms
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- decumarios
- The east-west street in a Roman town, intersecting the cardo at right angles.
- tempera
- pigments in egg yolk
- mausoleum
- an above-ground tomb
- compluvium
- rectangular opening at the roof of the atrium
- fenestration
- The arrangement of the windows of a building
- caldarium
- The hot-bath section of a Roman bathing establishment
- natatio
- in Roman baths, the swimming pool
- frigidarium
- The cold-bath section of a Roman bathing establishment
- allegorical
- dual roles, symbolism
- circuses
- racetracks
- patricians
- upper class citizens
- domus
- a Roman private house
- forum
- the public square of an ancient Roman city; center civic life
- taberna
- in Roman architecture, a single-room shop usually covered by a barrel vault
- trepidarium
- The warm-bath section of a Roman bathing establishment
- composite
- A capital with an ornate combination of Ionic volutes and Corinthian acanthus leaves that became popular in Roman times
- aqueducts
- equivalent to public plumbing
- coffers
- recesses that help relieve the weight of the dome
- voussoirs
- stones that make up the arch
- attic
- the uppermost story above the masonry
- pentitex maximos
- chief priest of state religion
- cardo
- The north-south street in a Roman town, intersecting the decumanus at right angles
- atrium
- the court of a Roman house that is partly open to the sky
- imperator
- meaning "commander in chief," from which the word emperor is derived
- porphyry
- purple marble
- oculus
- The round central opening or "eye" of a dome
- rusticated
- rough masonry with a rustic appearance on the surfaces
- veristic
- sculpture that looks like the sculpture matter (means in truth)
- Pax Romana
- 200 years of peace in Rome
- amphitheater
- Literally, a double theater. A Roman building type resembling two Greek theaters put together.
- first style
- The earliest style of Roman mural painting. Also called the masonry style, because the aim of the artist was to imitate, using painted stucco relief, the appearance of costly marble panels
- apotheosis
- Elevated to the rank of gods or the ascent to heaven
- castrum
- military fortification
- insula
- n Roman architecture, a multistory apartment house, usually made of brick-faced concrete; also refers to an entire city block.
- continuous narration
- In painting or sculpture, the convention of the same figure appearing more than once in the same space at different stages in a story
- plebians
- lower class citizens
- roundrel
- the circular relief narratives on the arch
- palaestra
- An ancient Greek and Roman exercise area, usually framed by a colonnade, often found in bathing establishments
- decursio
- The ritual circling of a Roman funerary pyre
- impluvium
- In a Roman house, the basin located in the atrium that collected rainwater (and mosquitoes)
- senate
- body of advisory citizens that governed during the republic in early Rome
- peristyle
- In ancient Greek architecture, a colonnade all around the cella and its porch(es)
- tetrarchy
- rule by four
- keystone
- stone in the middle of the arch that keeps arch together
- second style
- In Roman mural painting, from ca. 80 to ca. 15 B.C. the aim was to dissolve the confining walls of a room and replace them with the illusion of a three-dimensional world constructed in the artist's imagination
- princeps
- first citizen
- third style
- painted wall surfaces as a solid color, decorated with whimsical architectural features
- fourth style
- in Roman mural painting, it marks a return to architectural illusionism, but the architectural vistas of this style are irrational fantasies
- megalography
- depictions glorifying worshipers
- spandrel
- The roughly triangular space enclosed by the curves of adjacent arches and a horizontal member connecting their vertexes; also, the space enclosed by the curve of an arch and an enclosing right angle. The area between the arch proper and the framing columns and entablature.
- imagines
- wax portraits of ancestors in ancient Rome
- basilica
- In Roman architecture, a public building for assemblies (especially tribunals), rectangular in plan with an entrance usually on a long side
- triumphal arch
- A curved structural member that spans an opening and is generally composed of wedge-shaped blocks (voussoirs) that transmit the downward pressure laterall