Biology (Concepts & Connections) Ch 10
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- Name the researcher that worked with Pus and sperm cells and discovered Nucleic acids.
- Friedrich Miescher
- Name the researcher that worked with Mice and discovered "Transforming factor"
- Fred Griffith
- Name the researchers that discovered transfer DNA not proteins.
- Hershey and Chase
- Name the researcher that worked with x-ray diffraction and discovered the key features of DNA structure (uniform, long, thin, repeats and spiral)
- Rosalin Franklin
- Name the researchers that discovered DNA sttucture and replication explained, coined "double-helix"
- Watson and Crick
- Fred Griffith worked with pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of_________ _________ and mice.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Fred Griffith found that harmless cells were permanently transformed by a change in the bacteria's_______________
- hereditary
- Rosalind Franklin's research showed that DNA was of ____________ diameter.
- Uniform
- Rosalind Franklin's research showed that DNA was ___________ and narrow
- long
- Rosalind Franklin's research showed that DNA repeated __________ of itself.
- parts
- Rosalind Franklin's research showed that DNA of a __________ shape.
- spiral
- Watson and Crick are credited with showing the double helix____________ of DNA
- structure
- Watson and Crick are credited with confirming the principles of base-__________
- pairing
- Watson and Crick are credited with explaining how DNA __________ took place
- replication
- Watson and Crick are credited with coming the term 'double _______"
- helix
- Bacteriophages are nonliving________
- viruses
- Bacteriophages use ___________ for reproduction
- bacteria
- Bacteriophages have a sulfur-containing ___________ coat
- protein
- Bacteriophages can have their _____________ in their DNA made radioactive.
- phosphorus
- Name the four nucleotides in DNA
- A, T, C, G (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine)
- Name the bonding of the 4 nucleotides (bases)
- A---T, C---G
- Name the Purines
- A, G
- Name the Pyrimidines
- T, C
- Nucleic acids are composed of__________
- nucleotides
- Nucleotides are composed of__________, __________ and ____________
- sugar, Phosphate (functional group,and Base
- A _______________ may contain a purine, a pyrimidine, a pentose, and a phosphate.
- nucleotide
- The DNA backbone is composed of alternating ____________ and _______________ molecules.
- sugar, phosphate
- DNA replication is known as _______-___________ because 2 molecules are produced each with half old and half new DNA.
- semi-conservation
- What is the function of the enzyme Helicase?
- Opens up the DNA strand
- What is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase?
- Adds on free nucleotides and proofreads.
- What is the function of the enzyme DNA ligase?
- Seals short strands
- A length of DNA that codes for polypeptides?
- Gene
-
The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of information:
______________ DNA to DNA
______________ DNA to RNA
______________ RNA to proteins -
The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of information:
REPLICATION DNA to DNA
Transcription DNA to RNA
Translation RNA to proteins - Where in the cells does replication DNA to DNA occur?
- Nucleus
- Where in the cells does Transcription DNA to RNA occur?
- Nucleus DNA to RNA
- Where in the cells does Translation RNA to proteins occur?
- Cytoplasm
- The researcher Garrod worked on the human organism and discovered ______________
- Genes make specific enzymes
- The researchers Beadle and Tatum worked on the organism bread mold (neurospora crassa) and discovered _____________
- Mutations = defective enzyme
- Gene action: One gene codes for the amino acid sequence of the one ______________ chain.
- polypeptide
- What is the sugar for DNA?
- Deoxyribose
- What is the Sugar for RNA?
- Ribose
- What is the Base for DNA?
- ATCG
- What is the Base for RNA?
- A U C G
- What is the structure for DNA?
- 2-stranded helix
- What is the structure for RNA?
- 1-strand
- What is the function of DNA?
- Genetic Code
- What is the function of RNA?
-
(mRNA) messenger;
(tRNA) transfers a.a;
(rRNA) component of ribosomes - Name the 3 kinds of RNA and their functions:
-
mRNA - Carries the code
rRNA - With proteins forms ribosomes
tRNA - Transfers amino acids - 3 sets of nucleotides (bases) on mRNA
- Codon
- 3 sets of nucleotides (bases) on rRNA
- Anticodon
- The portion of DNA that is not translated and is a non-coded portion is composed of____________
- introns
- DNA and ____ relationship to each other is known as complementary.
- RNA
- How many different kinds of amino acids are there in proteins?
- 20
- The genetic code is universal to all organism on___________
- Earth
- The genetic code consists of ________ condons.
- 64
- The genetic code can specify more than __________ _________ for each codon
- amnio acid
- In Sickle-cell anemia is an example of _______-pair substitution.
- base
- In Sickle-cell anemia glutamate is replaced by__________
- value
- Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disorder where the defective protein is off by one ________ ___________
- amino acid
- Bacteria: simplest cell; has cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, DNA NOT in __________; host for ______________
- nucleus, Bacteriophages
- Virus: non-living as cannot __________ without a host; DNA or RNA in a protein package.
- reproduce
- Enveloped virus; type of virus that has pieces of _________ around it (the envelope)
- host
- Non-envelope virus: no __________
- envelope
- Bacteriophage; a ________ that uses bacteria for reproduction.
- virus
- Lysogenic cycle: Bacteriophage reproduce each Viral DNA _____________ into bacteria DNA
- incorporated
- Lytic cycle: Bacteriophage reproductive cycle. Viral DNA NOT ___________ into bacteria DNA
- incorporated
- The virus that causes AIDS is called ________. The AIDS virus is an ___________ virus.
- HIV, enveloped
- The 5, 3 designation represent the orientation of _________ in the DNA molecule.
- Sugar