chapter 25 vocab
Terms
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- acyclovir
- an antiviral drug
- antiviral drug
- drugs that interfere with viral nucleic acid synthesis
- attenuated strain
-
refers to a preparation of a virus for a vaccine in which the
virus is incapable of causing disease under normal circumstances - azidothymidine (AZT)
-
an antiviral drug that inhibits the reverse transcriptase
of retroviruses, such as HIV - bacteriophage
- a virus that infects bacteria
- capsid
- the protein covering a virus
- envelope
-
a membrane-like structure outside the capsid that is made mostly of
lipids and taken from a host cell membrane during replication - glycoprotein
- a molecule of protein with attached sugar chains
- helix
- a viral shape resembling a coiled spring
- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- the virus that causes AIDS
- icosahedron
- a polyhedron or a capsid of a virus with 20 triangular faces
- inactivated vaccine
-
a vaccine that has been treated so that its component
microorganisms no longer have the ability to cause disease - infectious disease
-
a disease caused by a pathogen that can be transmitted from
one individual to another - lysis
- the disintegration of a cell by disruption of the plasma membrane
- lysogenic cycle
-
a viral replication process that does not kill the host cell
immediately but stays inside the host for a long period of time - lytic cycle
-
the replication process of viruses that results in the destruction of
the host cell - obligate intracellular parasite
-
a parasite that requires a host cell in order to
reproduce - prion
-
a glycoprotein particle implicated in diseases with long incubation
periods - prophage
- an intracellular bacteriophage that is harmless to the host cell
- protease inhibitor
-
an antiviral drug that interferes with the synthesis of viral
capsids during viral replication; in combination with AZT has shown some
promise in treating patients infected with HIV - provirus
- a viral DNA molecule produced by reverse transcriptase
- receptor site
-
the area of a cell membrane where antigen attachment takes
place - retrovirus
-
a virus, such as HIV, that contains RNA and reverse
transcriptase - reverse transcriptase
-
an enzyme that makes DNA from an RNA
template - T cell
-
a thymus-derived lymphocyte that helps stimulate an immune response
against an antigen and can attack certain antigens - temperate
-
referring to a nonvirulent virus, rarely causing disease; moderate, not
subject to prolonged extremes of hot or cold - viroid
- a short, single strand of RNA that causes disease in plants
- virology
- the study of viruses
- virulent
- disease-causing and highly infectious
- virus
-
a nonliving infectious particle composed of a nucleic acid and a protein
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