Basic virology
Terms
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- Common subgroups of enterovirus
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Poliovirus
Hepatitis A
Echo
Coxackie - Features of Poliovirus
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Enterovirus
fecal/oral transmission
7-14 day incubation
salk vaccine: inactivated
sabin vaccine: live-attenuated given orally - Features of Hepatitis A Virus
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Enterovirus
fecal/oral trans in 3rd world, child care centers, sexual, improper food handling, or shellfish
15-50 day incubation, avg 28 - main point of Echo & Coxachie viruses
- important causes of VIRAL MENINGITIS
- Features of Rhinoviruses
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freq cause of COMMON COLD
2-4 day incubation
spread by contact/inhalation of respiratory secretions - Features of Hepatitis C virus
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Flavivirus (or Caliciviridae)
Responsible for post-transfusion hepatitis
~4 mil in US infected
usually takes 10-20 yrs b4 it causes damage - Features of Rotavirus
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Reoviridae
wheel-like appearance under EM
Major cause of VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS in infants/young
fecal/oral trans, treatment by reducing dehydration - Features of Yellow fever
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a Flavivirus caused disease
Spread by mosquito: Aedes aegypti
affects major organs
systemic disease progression - Features of Dengue
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Flavivirus caused
spread by Aedes aegypti mosquito
2-7 day incubation period
acute fever, chills, headache, arthralgia, ostealgia
Den. hemorr fever severe and deadly form of disesase - Features of Rubrivirus
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aka German Measles
rash, fever, lymphadenopathy
spread by nasopharyngeal secretions
can cause fetal infection => birth defects - Features of Influenza virus
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Orthomyxoviridae (helical symmetry w/ envelope)
FEVER, MYALGIA, COUGH
can cause pandemics - Features of Mumps
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caused by Paramyxovirus type
acute general infection in adolescents
swelling/tenderness of salivary glands
18-21 day incubation period
vaccine given to young children - Features of Measles virus
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Morbillivirus
highly contagious seen in children
cough, coryza, fever, maculopapular rash
pneumonia typical complication - Features of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
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classified as Pneumovirus
major cause of lower respiratory tract illness in young children
full immunity after infection not occurs=reinfection poss
entry by nasal/conjunctivial route - Features of Rabies
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Lyssavirus
infection of CNS, acquired by contact w/ rabid animal thru saliva or blood - Features of Hantavirus
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Trans by rodent feces and urine
referred to "sin nombre"
severe respiratory infection - general basic Features of HIV
- We covered this extensively, you should know it! :)
- Features of Papillomavirus
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part of Papovaviridae
over 70 different types known
can cause warts, many in genitalia
can lead to carcinomas of genital tracts - Features of Adenoviridae
- can cause acute infections of respiratory system and conjunctiva
- Features of Herpes Simplex
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HSV-1 causes gingivostomatitis (cold sores)
HSV-2 causes herpes genitalis (genital lesions) & can cause complications to infants in vaginal delivery
spread by physical contact
Most w/ HSV-1 or 2 don't exhibit characteristic clinical disease - Features of Varicellavirus VZV (z for zoster)
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Causes Chickenpox, spreads by aerosols (atypical of herpesviridae)
Herpes Zoster (shingles) affects older people when virus is reactivated - Features of Cytomegalovirus
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a cause of CMV mononucleosis
mostly affects immunocompromised - Features of Epstein-Barr virus
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most common cause of Infectious mono
oncogenic virus: assoc w/ Burkitt's Lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma - Features of Poxviridae
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most complex group of viruses known
have double-stranded DNA
special enzymes to replicate in cytoplasm of host cells - Features of Vaccinia virus
- part of Poxviridae, origin thought to be from cowpox
- Features of Variola (smallpox)
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cause of Smallpox
Variola infection limited to humans and some monkeys
officially eradicated in 1980
multiple pustules form - Features of Hepatitis B virus
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part of Hepadnaviridae
trans by blood exposure, sexual contact, or transplacental
variable symptoms - Features of Ebola virus
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cause of severe hemorrhagic fever
5-10 day incubation period
morbidity usually by second week