Veterinary Pathology UIUC Lectures1-3
Terms
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- The definition of Pathology is
-
The study of disease or the study of lesions associated
with disease in order to understand the mechanisms or processes involved in
disease. - Define etiology
- cause of disease
- The mechanism of a disease is called
- pathogenesis
- Structural changes induced by disease are called
- Morphological description
- Functional consequences that manifest themselves as "sickness"
-
Clinical
signs - What is a lesion, and what are two types of lesion
-
Lesion: is a visible abnormality in the tissue reflecting a pathologic process.
A lesion may be structural and/or functional - What is the difference between a sign and a symptom
-
Signs (a veterinary term, implying an observation of an abnormality) versus
symptoms (a medical term, implying an interpretation by the sufferer of an
abnormality - What 5 factors predispose a cell to injury
-
Severity
Metabolic activity
Ability to respond
type of cell
reaction (overreaction) - Cytochrome p450 enzymes are likely to be found in what type of reaction
- Phase I reaction
- Where in the cell would you find Cytochrome p450 family of enzymes
- In the SER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum)
- Cytochrome p450 enzymes are involved in metabolism of what compounds normally found in the body
-
steroids, sex hormones, and
vitamin D - Phase II enzymes perform what functions
-
attach soluble molecules
to toxic intermediates for excretion in bile or
urine -
___________is used most often for
conjugation to reactive and toxic foreign
substances. - Glutathione
-
Tell which type of detoxification is primarily used by each organ (Phase I or Phase II)
1. Pancreatic Ductal cells
2. Adrenal Cortical cells -
1. Phase II
2. Phase I - What 4 causes may lead to atrophy
-
lack of use
loss of innervation
loss of hormone
pressure - T/F - A cell that has undergone atrophy is not injured or dead
- True
- T/F - An increase in organ size due to increased cell number is called hypertrophy
- False
- Another term for __________ injury is degeneration
- Reversible
- T/F - A cell that has atrophied may be said to have undergone catabolism as well
- True
- Necrosis is always associated with the death of the organism - T/F
- False
- T/F - Postmortem autolysis is synonymous with necrosis
- False -
- Cell __________ and ____________ change are associated with reversible cell injury
- Cell _swelling_ and __fatty__ change are associated with reversible cell injury
- The nucleus of a cell that has swollen due to a reversible injury is still centrally located - T/F
- True
- Plasma memprane damage and subsequent leakage of ions leads to ______ and ________ going into the cell and _________ exiting the cell.
- Plasma memprane damage and subsequent leakage of ions leads to _Ca++_ and _Na+____ going into the cell and __K+____ exiting the cell.
-
Which of these does not cause direct membrane damage
a) ionophores
b) necrosis
c) free radicals
d) toxins - b) necrosis