RBCs
Terms
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- PCV (%) = ??
- PCV (%) = (MCV x RBC)/10
- Increased MCV (aka macrocytosis) = ?
- Inc MCV = regenerative anemia or myoproliferative dz
- decreased MCV (aka microcytosis) = ?
- iron deficiency
- Regenerative Anemia
-
Reticulocytes = 60,000+
note: any retics = regen in Cattle, Horses don't have retics, Cats only count if aggregates - Regenerative anemias
- Blood loss (hemorrhage): usually macrocytic
- acute blood loss causes what on CBC?
- regenerative anemia, hypoproteinemia
- chronic blood loss causes what on cbc?
- decreased MCV (d/t depleted iron stores), often hypoproteinemic and regenerative
- Anemia d/t blood destruction (ie hemolytic anemia): CBC?
- Dec RBCs, NORMAL T. PROT, +/- hemoglobinemia, +/-hyperbilirubinemia
- Causes of anemia d/t blood destruction?
-
Parasites (of rbcs)
HB anemia
Red maple toxicity in horses
IMHA
Zinc toxicosis - Causes of non-regenerative anemia?
-
INFLAMMATORY DZ: low Fe+
RENAL DZ: insufficient EPO**, uremic toxins, xs PTH, hypocalcemia, bleeding
ENDOCRINOPATHY: hypothyroid, Addison's - What do spherocytes indicate?
- IMHA, rbc parasites, IM-mismatched blood transfusion
- What do heinz bodies indicate?
-
DISEASE: lymphoma, hyperthyroid, diabetes
TOXIN: tylenol, propylene glycol (Fel), phenothiazine (Eq, Ov), cephalosporin (K9), onions (K9), red maple (Eq) - what causes basophillic stippling?
-
lead poisoning
(Note: normal w/ regenerative anemia in ruminants) - what is relative polycythemia?
-
"increased" PCV d/t reduction of plasma volume = increased T.Protein
CAUSES: hemoconcentration d/t dehydration or fluid shifts, recent exercise (eq), excitement - what is absolute polycythemia?
- True increase in RBC mass d/t inc EPO by kidney, altitude, heart/lung disease, BM malfxn (rare)
- What causes schistocytes?
-
MICROANGIOPATHY: DIC, HSA
OXIDATIVE INJURY: Iron deficiency anemia - What causes nRBCs?
- regenerative anemia, decreased splenic fxn, lead poisoning
- What causes hypochromasia?
- Iron deficiency, chronic blood loss, portocaval shunts in some breeds
- What causes echinocytes?
- rattlesnake evenomation, LSA, renal dz, exercise (Eq)
-
What is aplastic anemia?
What causes it? -
Bone marrow depopulation and pancytopenia.
CZS: Ehrlichia, FeLV, Estrogen toxicity, drugs (chemo, phenylbutazone in dogs)