Dermatology
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- What are the rods you are seeing on your ear cytology (which you do for every otitis case of course)?
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1) Pseudomonas
2) E. coli
3) Proteus
4) Klebsiella - Scabies genus in cats?
- Notoedres
- What form of demodex is contagious in cats?
- Demodex gattoi
- Do acute otitis externa cases require systemic antibiotics?
- Hardly ever.
- Name the structure attacked in bullous pemphigoid.
- Hemidesmosome; which adheres the epidermis to the dermis.
- What is the skin lesion of hepatocutaneous syndrome?
- Necrolytic migratory eythema (in humans)
- What topical antimicrobial penetrates follicles and is hydrolyzed by bacterial lipases to lactate and ethanol which kill bacteria, is degreasing, and comedolytic?
- Ethyl lactate
- What common organism is chlorhexidine not effective against?
- Pseudomonas
- Name the structure attacked in pepmphigus foliaceus and vulgaris.
- Desmosone (Hemidesmosome is incorrect; see Bullous pemphigoid)
- Name 2 topical steroids used in the treatment of pruritus.
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Betamethasone - Otomax© & gentocin spray
Hydrocortisone (0.5-2%) - Resicort©
The following are absorbed systemically:
Dexamethasone in Tresaderm©
Triamcinalone in Panalog© - What is the antifungal agent in Otomax©? How about Conofite?
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Otomax = clotrimazole
Conofite - miconazole - What do you need to do about localized demodicosis?
- Nothing really. You can try benzoyl peroxide but can't prevent from becoming generalized.
- 4 differentials for focal or patchy alopecia.
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1) demodicosis
2) chyletiellosis
3) dermatophytosis
4) bacterial pyoderma (focal) - Condition common in standard poodles & northern breeds with alopecia.
- Sebaceous adenitis. Trichogram shows dead cells around root not washed out by normal sebaceous gland function.
- Hairless only in black-haired regions ...
- Black hair follicular dysplasia
- Head mange in cats; are the mites easy to find?
- Yes. you should find mites.
- How do you diagnose Chyletiella?
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1) fecal float (from grooming)
2) trichogram - How do you treat chyletiella?
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1) Revolution©
2) Lime sulfur dip
3) Weekly ivermectin - Most common gram- isolate associated with otitis externa?
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Name 2 common differentials for alopecia.
-
1) demodicosis
2) dermatophytosis - Scabies distribution in cats?
- Head (head mange)
- The scabies triad?
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Pinnae
Elbows
Hocks - What do yeasts look like on cytology?
- Peanut-shaped
- What do you treat cats with scabies (head mange) with?
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1) ivermectin weekly SQ
2) Selemectin (Revolution©)
3) Lime sulfur - What fills the lesions of pemphigus foliaceus as apposed to vulgaris?
-
Vulgaris = serum
Foliaceus = suppurative exudates (pus) - What is the treatment of choice for Demodex gattoi in cats?
- lime sulfur dips
- What is walking dandruff?
- Chyletiella
- What should you think of demodicosis in an older dog?
- Immunosuppression
- What would you see on a trichogram in a dog with dilutional alopecia?
- clumps of melanosomes along the hair shaft which are weak points.
- Why don't we use ivomec cattle prep in cats?
- The propylene glycol can cause heinze body anemia.
- Enrofloxacin has gram+ and gram- dosages ... what are they?
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(+)5 mg/kg SID
(-)22mg/kg SID - 3 things you want to do with cases of otitis media.
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1) flush (anesthesia)
2) culture & sensitivity
3) systemic antibiotics - What is in Otomax© ?
-
Betamethasone
Gentomycin
Clotrimazole - What is in Tresaderm© ?
-
Dexamethasone
Neomycin
Thiabendazole - non-pruritic, symmetrical, hyperpigmented alopecia which may wax and wane seasonally in a Boxer?
- Cyclical flank alopecia
- Name 5 topical drugs for pseudomonas.
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1) Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)
2) Polymyxin B
3) Enrofloxacin
4) Tobramycin
5) Amikacin - Two conditions associated with lack of hair regrowth?
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Cushing's
Hypothyroidism - Give 3 options for treating generalized demodicosis.
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1) Amitraz dip (only FDA approved treatment)
2)Daily ivermectin 300-600μg/kg PO SID x 1 month (build up to final dose)then rescrape. Treat one month beyond negative scraping.
3) Milbemycin (Interceptor) (dunno the dose and protocol) - What ear product has silver sulfadiazene in it?
- Baytril otic.
- Most common yeast found in dogs and cats?
- Malassezia pachydermatis
- What is the most common cause of hotspots?
- Flea Allergy Dermatitis
- Name 3 underlying causes of chronic otitis externa?
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1) allergy (atopy, food)
2) conformational
3) cushings/hypothyroidism
...
4) Nasal polyp in cats with unilateral OE - How do yo treat scabies?
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1) Revolution© every 2 weeks for 3 doses
2) Ivermectin weekly for 4-6 doses
3) Milbemycin
4) lime sulfur dips - How do you approach treatment of a hotspot?
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1) Clip
2) Dry (with an astringent)
3) Oral antibiotics if folliculitis present concurrently - Most common bacterial isolate associated with otitis externa?
- Staphylococcus intermedius
- What causes scabies incognito?
- As scabies progresses, the sensitivity becomes a hypersensitivity and so is less proportionate to the mite load.
- What diagnostic is indicated when otitis media is suspected but the tympanum or a tympanic rupture cannot be visualized?
- Radiographics studies of the bullae.
- Name 2 topical anesthetic therapies for pruritus.
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Pramoxime 1% - Relief©
Lidocaine 1% - Dermacool© - Name some antimicrobials for topical use for otitis.
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Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)
Baytril otic (no steroid)
Neomycin - Tresaderm(+dex +thiobendazole)
Gentamycin - Otomax (+clotrimazole +betamethasone), Gentacin otic - Name 3 PRACTICAL categories of otitis
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1) Acute otitis externa (swimmer's ear)
2) Chronic/recurrent OE (Cocker's ear ;)
3) Otitis media - The 3 most common species of Staphylococcus on canine skin?
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S. intermedius
S. hycus
S. aureus