NUTRITIONAL DISEASES AND SEBORRHEA COMPLEX
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- Name some fat sources rich in essential fatty acids.
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-Sunflower oil
-Corn oil
-Soybean oil - What are the differences between omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids?
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OMEGA 6 FA
-Predominant in terrestrial plants and animals
INCLUDES:
-Linoleic acid = maintenance of barrier functions of skin
-Gamma-linoleic acid = metabolized into anti-inflammatory PG’s
-Arachidonic acid = substrate for inflammatory LT’s and PG’s
OMEGA 3 FA
-Predominates in marine plants and animals
INCLUDES:
-Alpha-linoleic acid = it is an eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA) and is metabolized by lipooxygenase and cyclooxygenase to LT’s and PG’s - Explain why omega 3 fatty acids may be beneficial in decreasing inflammation?
- -EPA metabolized lipooxygenase and cyclooxygenase to LT’s and PG’s (inflammatory mediators)
- Which breed are most commonly affected by vit. A responsive dermatosis?
- Cocker Spaniel
- What are the usual clinical signs for vit. A responsive dermatosis?
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-Thick, inflamed crusty lesions on ventral abdomen and thorax
-Frond-like keratinous plugs adhered to their surface - How do you diagnose vit. A responsive dermatosis?
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-Histopath
-Orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis
-Follicular keratosis - What is panniculitis?
- inflammation of SQ fat
- What is pansteatitis?
- inflammation of fat w/ in abdomen
- What are the DDX for panniculitis and pansteatitis?
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-Bacterial or fungal infection
-Autoimmune disease
-Physiochemical problem
-Hereditary - List 5 diseases which may improve following treatment w/ vit. E.
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1. DLE
2. SLE
3. Epidermolysis bullosa
4. Acanthosis nigricans
5. Demodecosis - What breeds are predisoped to zinc responsive dermatosis?
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Syndrome I:
-Siberian Huskies, Bull terriers and Alaskan Malamutes (primarily
-Has been reported in Doberman Pinschers and Great Danes
Syndrome II:
-Great Danes, Doberman Pinschers, GSD, German Shorthair pointers, Standard Poodles - What is the characteristic histopathological finding w/ zinc responsive dermatosis?
- Marked diffuse and follicular parakeratotic hyperplasia (seen w/ Syndrome II)
- What are the causes of Syndrome II zinc responsive dermatosis?
- -Over supplementation w/ calcium which causes decreased zinc absorption
- What are the characteristic histopathological findings of generic dog food dermatosis?
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-Focal epidermal necrosis
-Mixed dermal infiltrate
-Subacute to chronic dermatitis - Understand the concepts of “epidermal turnover time†and “disorder of keratinizationâ€.
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Epidermal Turnover Time:|
-Number of days from stratum basale to stratum corneum
-22 days in normal dog
-3-5 days in dog w/ a disorder of keratinization
Disorder of Keratinization:
-Alterations in basal cell mitotic rate
-Alterations in transformation of cytoplasmic proteins into keratin
-Alterations in exfoliation (may result from changes in epidermal lipids) - Outline a diagnostic approach for a dog presenting to your clinic w/ primary complaint of Seborrhea.
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Rule Out:
-Parasites
-Infections
-Allergies
-Irritants
-Metabolic disorders
-Nutritional disorders
-Biopsy skin - Know the principle of topical therapy as they relate to the symptomatic control of Seborrhea.
- -Topical therapy is for its antiseborrheic and keratolytic actions
- List indications of use for systemic retinoids and side effects that must be monitored for.
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-Diseases of sebaceous glands (first generation)
-Keratinization disorders (second generation)
-Sebaceous adenitis, Mycosis fungoides, Idiopathic seborrhea (third generation) - Describe the lesions of feline acne including pathogenesis.
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Lesions:
-Comedones
-Papules
-Pustules
Patho:
-Though to be due to improper cleaning of chin
-May also be a seborrheic syndrome +/- secondary infection - List three breeds w/ an increased incidence of seasonal flank alopecia.
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1. Airedale terriers
2. English bulldogs
3. Boxers - List four breeds w/ increased incidence of Alopecia X.
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1. Pomerarians
2. Chow Chows
3. Keeshound
4. Samoyed - What treatments would you recommend for acne in a dog?
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-Daily cleansing (Benzoyl peroxide, alcohol, antiseptic shampoos, astringent)
-Local antibiotics (erythromycin or mupiracin)
-+/-Systemic antibiotics
-+/-Topical Retin A ointment/lotion - What treatments would you recommend for acne in a cat?
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-Observe if non-inflammatory
-Clip hair, clean chin (Benzoyl peroxide, alcohol, antiseptic shampoos, astringent)
-+/-Local antibiotics and anti-fungals
-+/-Systemic antibiotics
-+/-Daily cleaning of chin to prevent reoccurence - List 2 Keratolytic agents.
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1. Benzoic Acid
2. Vit. A
Keratolytic = promotes softening and dissolution of stratum corneum
Keratoplastic = normalized epidermal kinetics and keratinization - List 2 keratoplastic agents.
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1. Coal Tar
2. Salicylic Acid
3. Sulfur - List 2 degreasing agents in medicated shampoos.
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1. Coal Tar
2. Sulfur - Describe the clinical findings that may be suggestive of Sertoli cell tumor.
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-Hair loss
-Bone marrow suppression
-Fatal thrombocytopenia or anemia
-Oily seborrhea
-Pruritis
-Comedones
-Linear prepucial hyperpigmentation
-Nipple enlargement - List sex hormones produced by the adrenal gland
- -Androgens and Estrogens
- Describe the lesions distribution pattern typical of seasonal flank alopecia.
- -Non-scarring alopecia of thoracolumbar that is bilaterally symmetrical region develops in fall or spring and hair regrows months later
- Describe the lesion distribution pattern typical of Alopecia X.
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-Bilateral symmetrical alopecia
-Dry dull hair coat
-Primary hairs lost first
-Head and front legs spared