1108 test 3

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What is included in Chordata?: all vertebrates and 2 subphyla of invertebrates
4 traits of chordata?: Notochord, Nerve cord, Pharyngeal slits, and tail
Classification of Tunicates?: Urochordata, deepest branching lineage of chordates.
Classification of Lancelets?: Cephalochordata- marine suspension feeders
What are animals with the following: Brain, skull, eyes and other sensory organs: Craniates
5 characteristics of craniates:: Active predation,
2 clusters of HOX genes,
families of genes that produce transcription factors and signalling molecules,
Neural Crest, and
Pharyngeal clefts evolved into gill slits
What is the least derived craniate lineage?: Hagfishes
What are vertebrates and what 3 things do they have?: Craniates with a Backbone:
1. vertebrae w/ spinal cord
2. Elaborate skull
3. Fin rays, in aquatic forms
What is the oldest living Vertebrate lineage?: Lampreys
What was the 1st vertebrate w/ mineralized skeletal elements in mouth?: Cododonts
What was an Ostracoderm?: A jawless marine vertebrate with a plate of bone on skin
What are Gnathostomes? Give 3 characteristics.: Jawed vertebrates.
1. enhanced sensory systems, including the Lateral Line system
2. Extensively mineralized endoskeleton
3.Paired appendages
What is the Lateral line system in Gnathostomes?: Row of microscopic organs along the side of body that are sensitive to vibrations in the surrounding water
What is included in the gnathostome clade of Oseichthyes?: "Bony fishes" and tetrapods
what is the classification of fishes?: aquatic osteichthyes.
What group contains nearly all familiar osteichthyes?: Ray-finned fishes.
Give 3 examples of Lobe fins.: Tetrapods,
Lung fishes, and
Coelacanths
What are Tetrapods?: Gnathostomes with feet & limbs
Give 4 characteristics of tetrapods.: 1. 4 limbs & feet with digits
2. Ears/ detecting airborne sounds
3. Lungs / swim bladders
4. Blood circulation
3 groups of amphibians:: Anura- frogs
Apoda- Caecilians
Urodela- Salamanders
What is the name for Tetrapods with a terrestrially adapted egg?: Amniotes
What 3 groups are included in Amniotes?: Reptiles, birds, and mammals.
What group contains an egg with specialized membranes that protect the embryo?: Amniotes
give 2 terrestrial adaptions of amniotes.: 1. Relatively impermeable skin
2. use of rib cage to ventilate the lungs.
Name 7 groups in the clade of reptiles.: Snakes
Lizards
Crocodiles
Birds
Tuatara
Dinosaurs
Turtles
What 3 groups are included in Lepidosaurs?: Lizards, tuataras, and snakes
What are the most diverse and numerous reptiles, aside from birds?: Lizards
4 derived characteristics of Birds:: No urinary bladder
One ovary
Small gonads until mate season
modern are toothless
what kind of birds are flightless?: Ratites
What are mammals?: Amniotes with hair that produce milk
What are Monotremes? give 2 examples: Egg-laying mammals.
Platypus
Echidnas
What are Marsupials? Give 3 examples: Mammals w/ pouch
1. Kangaroo
2. Koala
3. opossum
what is a Eutherian?: Placental Mammal
What are 4 of the 5 characteristics of Primates?: Parental care/complex social behavior
Hands and feet
Large brain, short jaws
Eyes- depth perception
Fully opposable thumb
In order, What are the 6 stages of early embryonic development: Zygote ---> 8 cell stage ---> Cleavage ---> Blastula ---> Gastrulation ---> Gastrula
What is known to conrol cell division & differentiation, and regulates the development of animal embryos: Hox genes, Homeobox containing family of genes
What are the closest living relative of animals?: Choanoflagellates
The presence of hard, mineralized skeletons came when?: Cambrian Explosion
Collectively, what 2 groups belong to Tetrapods?: Amniotes and Amphibians
what is known as a group of animal species that share the same level of organizational complexity?: Group
What phylum lacks True Tissues?: Sponges/ porifera
What are collections of specialized cells isolated by membranous layers?: True Tissues.
Ectoderm gives rise to ______ and the Endoderm gives rise to the ___________: 1.outer covering and CNS
2.digestive tube, and liver and lungs of vertebrates
Triploblasts incluse ALL bilaterally symmetrical animals. T or F.: True

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