COMPARTIVE ANATOMY

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CLASS REPTILIA: REPTILES- FIRST GROUP OF EXCLUSIVELY TERRESTRAIL VERTEBRATES.
SC ANAPSIDA
SC SYNAPSIDA
SC LEPIDOSAURIA
SC ARCHOSAURIA
SC ICTHYOPTERYGIA
SUB-CLASS ANASPIDA: EARLIEST AND MOST PRIMITIVE REPTILES.
O. COTYLOSAURIA
O. CHELONIA TESTUNIDES
ORDER COTYLOSAURIA: CLASS REPTILIA
S. CLASS ANAPSIDA
(STEM REPTILES)ANCESTRAL TO ALL OTHER REPTILES.
ORDER CHELONIA OR TESTUNIDES: CLASS REPTILIA
S. CLASS ANAPSIDA
TURTLES
SUB-CLASS SYNAPSIDA: CLASS REPTILIA
MAMMAL-LIKE IN IMPORTANT WAYS
O. PELYCOSAURIA
O. THERAPSIDA
ORDER PELYCOSAURIA: CLASS REPTILIA
S. CLASS SYNAPSIDA
EX. DIMETRODON
EVOLUTIONARY DEAD-END
ORDER THERAPSIDA: CLASS REPTILIA
S. CLASS SYNAPSIDA
GAVE RISE TO MAMMALS
SUB-CLASS LEPIDOSAURIA: CLASS REPTILIA
MOST DIVERSE OF MODERN REPTILES
O. RHYNCHOCEPHALIA
O. SQUAMATA
ORDER RHYNCHOCEPHALIA: CLASS REPTILIA
S. CLASS LEPIDOSAURIA
ONLY SPHENODON OR TUATUARA OF NEW ZEALAND SURVIVES TODAY.
ORDER SQUAMATA: CLASS REPTILIA
S. CLASS LEPIDOSAURIA
SNAKES AND LIZARDS
COMPRISE MOST OF MODERN REPTILIAN SPECIES
SUBCLASS ARCHOSAURIA: CLASS REPTILIA
DOMINANT MESOZOIC REPTILES FEW MODERN FORMS AQUATIC OR MARINE
O. THECODONTIA
O. ORNITHISCHIA
O. SAURISCHIA
O. CROCODYLIA
O. PTEROSAURIA
ORDER THECODONTIA: CLASS REPTILIA
S. CLASS ARCHOSAURIA
SURVIVED TODAY BY BIRDS AND CROCODILIANS
ORDER ORNITHISCHIA: CLASS REPTILIA
S. CLASS ARCHOSAURIA
BIRD-HIPPED DINOSAURS
ORDER SAURISCHIA: CLASS REPTILIA
S. CLASS ARCHOSAURIA
LIZARD-HIPPED DINOSAURS
ORDER CROCODYLIA: CLASS REPTILIA
S. CLASS ARCHOSAURIA
CROCODILES AND ALLIGATORS
SOLE SURVIVORS OF SUBCLASS ARCHOSAURIA
ORDER PTEROSAURIA: CLASS REPTILIA
S. CLASS ARCHOSAURIA
FLYING/GLIDING REPTILES OF MESOZOIC
SUB-CLASS ICTHYOPTERYGIA: CLASS REPTILIA
LARGE MARINE REPTILES OF MESOZOIC
CLASS AVES: BIRDS- GLORIFIED ARCHOSAURIAN REPTILES
SC ARCHAEORNITHES
SC NEORNITHES
SUB-CLASS ARCHAEORNITHES: CLASS AVES
VERY REPTILIAN (EX. TEETH, CLAWED FINGERS, TAIL) FEW KNOWN FORMS ARE PROTOAVES AND ARCHAEOPTERYX
SUB-CLASS NEORNITHES: CLASS AVES
MODERN BIRDS OF ABOUT 30 COMPARATIVELY SIMILAR ORDERS
CLASS MAMMALIA: MAMMALS DERIVED FROM THERAPAID REPTILES HETERODONT DENTITION
SC PROTOTHERIA
SC METATHERIA
SC EUTHERIA
SUB-CLASS PROTOTHERIA: ONCE VERY DIVERSE (SEVERAL ORDERS)AND WIDESPREAD
O MULTITUBERCULATA
O SYMMETRODONTA
O MONTREMATA
ORDER MULITUBERCULATA: CLASS MAMMALIA
SC PROTOTHERIA
RODENT-LIKE LONGEST LIVED ORDER OF MAMMAL
ORDER SYMMETRODONTA: CLASS MAMMALIA
SC PROTOTHERIA
ANCESTRAL TO THERIAN MAMMALS
ORDER MONOTREMATA: CLASS MAMMALIA
SC PROTOTHERIA
ECHIDNA, PLATYPUS TOOTHLESS EGGLAYERS FROM AUSTRALIA VICINITY
SUB-CLASS METATHERIA: CLASS MAMMALS
MARSUPIALS: POUCHED MAMMALS, ORIGINATED IN SOUTH AMERICA
O DIDELPHIOMORPHA
O MARSUPIALIA
ORDER DIDELPHIOMORPHA: CLASS MAMMALIA
SC METATHERIA
OPOSSUMS
MOST PRIMITIVE GROUP NEW WORLD DISTRIBUTION
ORDER MARSUPIALIA: CLASS MAMMALIA
SC METATHERIA
KANGAROOS AND ALLIES AUSTRALIAN DISTRIBUTION
SUB-CLASS EUTHERIA: CLASS MAMMALIA
TRUE PLACENTAL MAMMALS
DOMINANT LIFE FORM TODAY
SUB CLASS EUTHERIA ORDERS: INSECTIVORA
CHIROPTERA
PRIMATA
RODENTIA
XENARTHRA
CARNIVORA
CETACEA
PROBOSCIDEA
ARTIODACTYLA
PERISSODACTYLA
PHYLUM CHORDATA: PHARYNGEAL GILL SLITS, DORSAL HOLLOW NERVE CORD, NOTOCHORD, POST-ANAL TAIL
INCLUDES SUBPHYLA UROCHORDATA, CEPHALOCHORDATA, AND VERTEBRATA
SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA: LIVER, PANCREAS, TRENDS TOWARDS VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND CRANIAL COMPONENTS
TETRAPODS: FOUR-FOOTED TERRESTRIAL TYPES
ANAMNIOTES: FISHES AND AMPHIBIANS: YOLK SAC ONLY
CLASS AGNATHA: JAWLESS FISHES LACK JAwS OR PAIRED FINS
OSTRACODERMS
PETROMYZONTIA
MYXINOIDEA
ORDER OSTRACODERMS: CLASS AGNATHA
FOUR EXTINCT ORDERS OF SMALL ARMORED BOTTOM-DWELLERS
ORDER PETROMYZONTIA: CLASS AGNATHA
LAMPREYS
AQUATIC OR MARINE; PARASITE - PREDATORS OR SCAVENGERS
ORDER MYXINOIDEA: CLASS AGNATHA
HAGFISHES, SLIME HAGS MARINE SCAVENGERS
CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES: CARTILAGENOUS FISHES MARINE FORMS; JAWS, SCALES AND TEETH, DEVELOPED CHONDROCRANIUM, PAIRED FINS, HETEROCERCAL TAIL
SUBCLASS HOLOCEPHALI: CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES
RATFISHES CHIMAERAS SINGLE GILL OPENING, LACK SCALES OR TEETH
SUBCLASS ELASMOBRANCHI: CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES
MULTIPLE GILL OPENINGS
O SELACHI OR SQUALIFORMES
O BATOIDEA OR RAJIFORMES
ORDER SELACHI OR SQUALIFORMS: CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES
LATERALLY COMPRESSED
ORDER BATOIDEA OR RAJIFORMES: CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES
SKATES AND RAYS DORSOVENTRALLY COMPRESSED
CLASS PLACODERMI: EARLIEST JAWED FORMS HEAVILY ARMORED EVOLUTIONARY DEAD-END
CLASS OSTEICHTHYES: BONEY FISHES COMMON GILL CHAMBER WITH OPERCULUM, BUOYANCY ORGAN, TENDENCY TOWARDS VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND BONY SKELTON. TAILS HOMOCERCAL (TELEOSTS), DIPHYCERCAL (SARCOPTS), OR HETEROCERCAL (REST).
SC ACANTHODI
SC SARCOPTERYGII
SC ACTINOPTERYGII
SUBCLASS ACANTHODI: CLASS OSTEICHTHYES
SPINY SHARKS SIMILAR TO EARLIEST OSTRICHTHIAN FISHES, ANCESTRAL TO SOME.
SUBCLASS SARCOPTERYGII: CLASS OSTEICHTHYES
(FLESHY-FINNED FISHES) FLESHY FIN BASE WITH SKELETAL ELEMENTS.
O CROSSOPTERYGII
O DIPNOI
ORDER CROSSOPTERYGII: CLASS OSTEICHTHYES
SC SARCOPTERYGII
(LOBED-FINNED FISHES) LINK BETWEEN FISHES AND TETRAPODS
LATIMERIA
RHIPIDISTI
LATIMERIA: CLASS OSTEICHTHYES
ORDER CROSSOPTERYGII
THE MARINE COELOCANTH ONL EXTANT FORM
RHIPIDISTI: CLASS OSTEICHTHYES
ORDER CROSSOPTERYGII
LED TO AMPHIBIANS
ORDER DIPNOI: CLASS OSTEICHTHYES
SC SARCOPTERYGII
LUNGFISHES- AQUATIC, LONG,SLENDER FINS FROM FLESHY FIN BASE.
SUBCLASS ACTINOPTERYGII: CLASS OSTEICHTHYES
RAY-FINNED FISHES; FINS WITH NARROW BASE, SUPPORTED BY RAYS
O CHONDROSTEI
O HOLOSTEI
O TELEOSTI
ORDER CHONDROSTEI: CLASS OSTEICHTHYES
SC ACTINOPTERYGII
STURGEONS, PADDLEFISH, AND REEDFISH
CARTILAGENOUS SKELETONS
ORDER HOLOSTEI: CLASS OSTEICHTHYES
SC ACTINOPTERYGII
BOWFIN AND GARS, BONY, EAVILY ARMORED SCALES
ORDER TELEOSTI: CLASS OSTEICHTHYES
SC ACTINOPTERYGII
ALL OTHER FISHES; DOMINANT FISHES OF MARINE AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS, NOTOCHORD PERSISTENT, BUT SUPPORTED BY WELL-DEVELOPED VERTEBRAE
CLASS AMPHIBIA: AMPHIBIANS-TYPICALLY AQUATIC LARVAE METAMOPHOSE INTO TERRESTREAL ADULTS WITH LIMBS.
SC LABYRINTHODONTIA
SC LEPOSPONDYILI
SC LISSAMPHIBIA
SUBCLASS LABYRINTHODONTIA: CLASS AMPHIBIA
FIRST, MOST SUCCESSFUL, AND DIVERSE OF AMPHIBIAN GROUPS
ICTHYESTAGA
SEYMOURIOMORPHA
ICTHYOSTEGA: CLASS AMPHIBIA
SC LABYRINTHODONTIA
FIRST AMPHIBIAN
SEYMOURIOMORPHA: CLASS AMPHIBIA
SC LABYRINTHODONTIA
BORDERLINE AMPHIBIAN/REPTILE; LED TO REPTILES
SUBCLASS LEPOSPONDYLI: CLASS AMPHIBIA
SMALL DEAD-END
EX. DIPLOCAULUS
SUBCLASS LISSAMPHIBIA: CLASS AMPHIBIA
ALL MODERN AMPHIBIANS
O APODA OR GYMNOPHIONA
O ANURA
O URODELA
ORDER APODA OR GYMNOPHIONA: CLASS AMPHIBIA
SC LISSAMPHIBIA
CAECILIANS- BLIND AND LEGLESS TROPICAL BURROWERS
ORDER ANURA: CLASS AMPHIBIA
SC LISSAMPHIBIA
FROGS AND TOADS TAILESS, WELL-DEVELOPED LIMBS; MOST DIVERSE OF MODERN FORMS
ORDER URODELA: CLASS AMPHIBIA
SC LISSAMPHIBIA
SALAMANDERS
TAIL, POORLY DEVELOPED LIMBS
AMNIOTES: REPTILES, BIRDS, MAMMALS; YOLK SACS, ALLANTOIS, CHORION, AMNION: YOLK SACS, ALLANTOIS, CHORION, AMNION; REPTILES, BIRDS, MAMMALS
Fishes: MARINE OR AQUATIC:FINNED TYPES

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