Behavioral Neuroscience
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- In its resting state, a neuron is said to be
- Polarized
- Na+ ions are continuously forced into neurons by
- Their high external concentration and the negative resting potential
- Hyperpolarization is to depolorization as
- Inhibitory is to excitatory
- Which has the most influence on whether or not a neuron fires?
- Synapses on its cell body near the axon hillock
- The wave of absolute refractoriness which follows an action potential
- Keeps the action potential from spreading actively back down an axon towards the cell body
- Conduction of action potentials in myelinated axons
- is faster than in unmyelinated axons
- Axodendritic synapses
- Are common, and often terminate on dendritic spines
- Neurotransmitter release occurs through the process of
- Exocytosis
- In comparison to metabotropic receptors, ionotropic receptors produce effects that
- Develop more rapidly and are less diffuse
- Autoreceptors are commonly found in
- Presynaptic membranes
- After release, neurotransmitters are deactivated in the synapse by
- Reuptake and enzymatic degradation
- The enzyme whose function is to deactivate a specific neurotransmitter once it has been released into the synapse is
- Acetylcholinesterase
- Which of the following is not an amino acid neurotransmitter? Aspartate, Glutamate, Glycine, Indolamine, GABA
- Indolamine
- All catecholamines are synthesized from
- Tyrosine
- Nitric oxide is
- A soluble gas and a neurotransmitter
- Protein, polypeptide, peptide, and amino acid is ranked from
- Largest to smallest
- Endorphins play a role in
- Analgesia and pleasure
- Drugs that facilitate the activity of the synapses of a particular neurotransmitter are said to be _____ of that neurotransmitter.
- Agonists
- Drugs that block the reuptake of a neurotransmitter from the synapse are
- Agonists of that neurotransmitter
- Drugs the bind to a neurotransmitter's receptors on the postsynaptic membrane without activatng them are
- Receptor blockers and antagonists of the neurotransmitter
- What provides the most detailed three-dimensional view of the structure of the living human brain?
- MRI
- Positron emission tomography is a valuable research tool because it
- Provides an image of brain function
- A ___ measures changes in magnetic fields on the surface of the brain.
- MEG
- Muscle tension is monitored by
- Electromyography
- Which gland or glands directly influence the SCL and the SCR?
- Sweat glands
- Bregma is
- The point of intersection between two major skull suctures, and a common reference point for rat stereotaxic brain surgery
- What is the most common method of making lesions to the neocortex in biopsychological experiments?
- Aspiration or suction
- Cryogenic blockade is often referred to as a functional or reversible lesion because
- It temporarily eliminates the contribution of a particular area of the brain to the ongoing behavior of the subject without damaging the brain
- The neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) selectively destroys
- Neurons the release dopamine and norepinephrine
- In immunocytochemistry, the labeled ligand is
- An antibody
- Psychobiology, behavioral biology, and behavioral neuroscience are all synonyms for
- Biopsychology
- The main difference between human brains and the brains of their mammalian relatives is that human brains are bigger and
- Have more cortex
- The variable that is measured by the experimenter is the
- Dependent Variable
- The Coolidge effect refers to the fact that
- A sexually fatigued animal will often resume sexual activity if its current partner is replaced with a new one
- A major shortcoming of case-study research is that
- The degree to which the results can be generalized is unclear
- The neural pathway that connects the left and right hemispheres in the
- Corpus Callosum
- Which of the following is not one of the 6 major divisions of biopsychology? Physiological psychology, clinical psychology, neuropsychology, psychophysiology, psychopharmacology
- Clinical psychology
- The division of biopsychology that studies the neural mechanisms of behavior through the direct manipulation of the brains of laboratory animals in controlled experiments is
- Physiological psychology
- Which of the following is not an autonomic nervous system response? Heart rate, blood pressure, EEG, electrical conductance of the skin, pupil dilation.
- EEG
- The major method of cognitive neuroscience is
- Functional Brain Imaging
- Is a spandrel adaptive or not adaptive?
- Not adaptive
- Mammals evolved directly from
- Reptiles
- Humans, vertebrates, Florida walking catfish, and mammals are all ___?
- Chordates
- The last remaining hominid species is
- Homo sapiens
- From outside to inside, the three meninges are the
- Dura, arachnoid, and pia
- Which part of the PNS projects from only the cranial and sacral portions of the CNS?
- Parasympathetic nervous system
- The autonomic nervous system is part of the
- Peripheral nervous system