Quiz 1 Flashcards for Ward HistV18B

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Modern scholars often refer to indigenous origin accounts by this term.: self-history
Name the land region formed when glacial development resulted in an exposed sea floor, allowing Asian peoples easy access to North America as recently as 14,000 years ago.: Beringia.
The dominance of one culture or cultural paradigm over another is known by this term.: Hegemony.
This term means a belief in several or many gods.: Polytheism.
This term means a belief in one god.: Monotheism.
This term means a belief in one chief god over many gods.: henotheism.
This term is used to describe cultures that embrace the idea that a universal life for is in all things, and that spiritual entities are everywhere.: animism
A member of one dominant tribes of Arabia, this orphan claimed at the age of forty to have been chosen by "the God" as his prophet.: Muhammad.
This is the sacred book of Islamic scripture.: Qur'an
The city of Constantinople fell in 1451 to this Turkish leader.: Mehmet II
Claiming to be the heirs to the greatest of the Muslim chieftains known as "ghazis," this group expanded into eastern Europe in the 14th century.: Ottoman Turks
To the Ottoman Turks, this European city was known as the "Red Apple of the West.": Vienna
Founded on Shia Islam and the ruins of empire of Tamarlane, this empire dominated Persia (Iran) in the early 16th century.: Safavid.
With the assistance of English warshios, Shah Abbas took possession of this strategic Portugese port city at the entrance to the Persian Gulf in 1622.: Hormuz
In the 16th century, this Afghan leader dethroned Humayun, the son of Babur, the Sultan of Kabul, and the first of India's Mughal (Mogul) kings.: Sher Khan
The span of time that runs from the "fall" of the Roman Empire in the 6th century to the Renaissance in the 14th century is called what?: Middle Ages
These places of commerce emerged outside of the medieval towns walls to become theprogenitors of modern cities.: Communes
Women in early modern Europe who were "master-less" (without male relations) were deemed to be a source of social disorder and could be accused of this crime.: Witchcraft
During medieval and early modern Europe "common women" were deemed to be a necessary feature of society. What would we call them today?: Prostitutes
This system of professional organization set standards for craft production and rules for admission. It was also participated in by both men and women, but died out as Europe modernized.: Guild system.
This 14th century epidemic killed off more than 1/3 of Europe's population.: Black Plague
Beginning in the 1090s this series of events brought Europeans in contact with the Eastern trade.: Crusades.
This Muslim conqueror invaded west Europe in 711.: Tarik
Called "Gibel Tarik" and meaning "Tarik's rock," this geographic marker divides Africa and Europe at the narrowest point in the western Mediterranean Sea.: Gibral
The Muslim advance into Europe in 732 was halted in west central France by this European war captain.: Charles Martel
Beginning in 1031, Christian Spain embarked on a more then 475-year campaign to force Muslims out of Spain, known as the...: "Reconquest"
This Muslim "Grand Eunuch" of the Chinese Ming Dynasty established extensive trade between china, India, and Africa during the early 15th century.: Zheng He
This European world traveler succeeded in establishing the European connection to the Silk Road.: Marco Polo
Derived from the Latin word, meaning "to raise," this is the name for nomadic merchants in the fourteenth century, which supplied Europe with exotic goods from the eastern trade.: Levant
The discovery of double-entry bookkeeping during the Renaissance led to the development of this economic system.: Capitalism.
European mathematics was revolutionized by the introduction of this number system.: Indo-Arabic numerals
This priest's ninety-five complaints against the Catholic Church were posted on the door of the church at Whittenberg in 1517, beginning the Protestant Revolt.: Martin Luther
This collection of kingdoms united to become the world's first nation state in the fourteenth century.: Portugal
Two powerful regions of Spain, Castile and Aragon, were united with the marriage in 1469 of Los Reyes Catolicos; identify these powerful rulers.: Ferdinand and Isabel
This Portugese prince instigated the exploration and colonization of several island groups off the West Coast of Africa: Henry the Navigator
This large island in the Caribbean was one of the first landing points for Columbus in the Western Hemisphere.: Hispanola
This document between nations divided the "non-Christian" world between the two leading fifteenth-century world powers of Spain and Portugal.: Treaty of Tordesillas
This island group off of the west coast of Africa formed the geographical marker for the division of the wolrd between Spain and Portugal.: Cape Verde Islands
The continents of the Western Hemisphere are named after this Italian explorer.: Amerigo Vespucci
This Spanish Conquistador accomplioshed what was perhaps the greatest (or most astonishing) conquest in world history.: Hernando Cortez
This Chichmecan group originated at a mythical Pacific coast region called Aztlan. Their name means "People of the Place of the Crane" or "The Crane People." They built one of the most elaborate and extensive Native American empires.: Mexica-Azteca
This is one of the dominant Native American languages in Mexico.: Nahuatl
This semi-history god-ruler of the Toltecs became the Aztec god of sun, wisdom, and "the bringer of all life." He is most often portrayed as a feathered serpent, and his promised return to the Valley of Mexico in one acatl, or 600 years in 1519: Quetzalcoatl
The Conquest of Mexico was largely accomplished through the introduction of this deadly disease for which the Indians had no resistance.: Smallpox
Built on Lake Texcoco, this fabulous island city was the capital of the Aztec Empire.: Tenochtitlan
This daughter of an Aztec chieftain became the mistress of Cortes, providing him with crucial intelligence, essential to the achievement of the Conquest of Mexico.: La Malinche
After finding that her Conquistador husband had perished, this Spanish woman picked up where he left off, to become an important military strategist in the Conquest of Chile.: Ines Suarez
This Spanish explorer was one of the only four wandering men who survived a failed attempt to find fabled gold cities north of Mexico in 1528. His journey ranged from the Southeast to the Soutwest regions of the present-day U.S.: Cabeza de Vaca
One of the four survivors in the ill-fated conquest of florida in 1528, he was the first African-American man to enter North America.: Estavanico
Name the Spanish system of reward for military service, which came in the form of great landed estates and included rights to all resources and inhabitants on them.: Encomienda
This is the old Roman plantation system that perpetuated in the French, Portugese, and Spanish colonies, as well as in the english colonies of southeast North America.: latifundia
After participating in the conquests of Argentina and Paraguay, she petitioned the crown for an encomienda.: Isabel de Guevara
This Spanish encomendero gave up the life of a petty Caribbean lord to become a priest and advocate of Native Americans. He succeeded in ending Indian slavery in 1542.: Bartolome de las Casas
Bartolome de las Casas argued for the humanity of Native Americans at the city of Valladolid in a famous debate against this leading Spanish intellectual.: Juan Gines de Sepulveda
Because he initially advocated the use of imported African workers to replace that performed by Indians in the American colonies of New Spain, las Casas is often accused of being the instigator of the use of Africans for this sstem of labor.: Slavery
This fabled water route supposedly connected the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and was the focus for many different european explorative ventura in North America.: Northwest Passage
Styling herself as the "Virgin Queen," this daughter of England's King Henry VIII led her country into dominance as a world power.: Elizabeth I
This term refers to a group of pirates who operated in the covert services of England's Queen Elizabeth I.: Sea Hawkes
This series of events pitted the Puritan-led English Parliament against the authority of the crown, allowing the Americn colonies to develop independently.: English Civil War
This Puritan reformed and militarist led a parliamentary coup against the king and the invasion of Ireland in the mid-17th century.: Oliver Cromwell.
Established for the sole purpose of enriching European colonizing nations, this trade system functioned as a kind of economic nationalism.: Mercantilism
This system of mercantilist exchanged between European nations and their colonies in Africa and America formes a trade pattern known as the...: triangular trade
Founded by Sir Walter Raleigh, this Virginia settlement failed three times before finally being abandoned.: Roanoke
This Englishman successfully established trade with the Wahunsonacock Indians of the chesapeake Bay region after 1607.: John Smith
Matoaka, a Native American girl from Virginia, married an Englishman and went to England, where she was known as "Rebecca.": Pocahontas
Name the pattern of the spread of epidemics from the first Native American contact Europeans and expanded ahead of them: "disease frontier"
Puritans easily acquired this peninsula from the Massachusett Indians when its indigenous residents were wiped out by disease. The English settlement of Boston was established there in 1630.: Shawmut.
Founded by Deganawida and Hiawatha and composed of five separate tribes, this Native American confederation controlled the territory from the Hudson River on the east, to the Genesee River on the west, and north to the St. Lawrence River.: League of the Six Nations
Name the Hokan-Siouxan speaking Native American group who valued women's societies that held especially high status in their government. This tribe often sided with their allies, the British, in the American wars for empire.: Iroquois
Originally intended to become a plantation colony, this French settlement's economy was primarily based in the North American fur trade.: Quebec

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