Ch 5 Health Vocabulary
Terms
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- elements in food that are required for the energy, growth, and repair of tissues and regulation of body processes
- nutrients
- units of heat (energy); specifically, one calorie equals the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree C
- calories
- chemical compounds composed of sugar units; the body's promary source of energy
- carbohydrates
- a food's ability to cause a feeling of fullness
- satiety
- fats that promote cholesterol formation; they are in solid form at room temperature; primarily animal fats
- saturated fats
- a primary form of fat found in the blood; lipid material manufactured within the body and derived from dietary sources
- cholesterol
- compounds composed of chains of animo acids; the primary components of muscle and connective tissue
- proteins
- the chief components of protein; can be manufactured by the body or obtained from dietary sources
- amino acids
- organic compounds that facilitate the action of enzymes
- vitamins
- organic substances that control the rate of physiological reactions but are not themsleves altered in the process
- enzymes
- minerals present in very small amounts in the body; micronutrient elements
- trace elements
- the abnormal depletion of fluids from the body; severe dehydration can be fatal
- dehydration
- plant material that cannot be digested; found in cereal grains, fruits, and vegetables
- fiber
- a diet featuring food selections from each of the levels of the Food Guide Pyramid
- balanced diet
- vegetables whose plants have flowers with four leaves in the pattern of a cross, such as broccoli
- cruciferous vegetables
- the process of returning to foods some of the nutritional elements (B vitamins and iron) removed during processing
- enriched
- the percentage of a food's total calories that are derived from fat; above 30% is considered to be a high fat density
- fat density
- foods capable of contributing to the improvement/prevention of specific health problems
- functional foods
- liable statments attesting to a food's contribution to the improvement/prevention of specific health problems
- health claims
- chemical compounds intentionally added to our food supply to change some aspect of the food, such as its color or texture
- food additives
- a diet that excludes all meat but does include the comsumption of eggs and dairy products
- ovolactovegetarian diet
- a vegetarian diet that includes fish, dairy products, and eggs along with plant foods
- pesco-vegetarian diet
- a vegetarian diet that excludes all animal products, including eggs and dairy products
- vegan vegetarian diet
- an adverse reaction to a specific food which does not involve the immune system; usually caused by an enzyme deficiency
- food intolerance
- a reaction in which the immune system attacks an otherwise harmless food or ingredient; allergic reactions can range from mildly unpleasant to life threatening
- food allergy