1st AID USMLE Step 1 Neurology and Psychiatry Pathology
Terms
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elevated alpha fetoprotein in amniotic fluid
no structural herniation - spina bifida oculta *usually seen at lower vertebral levels
- meninges herniate through spinal canal defect meningocele meninges and spinal cord herniate through spinal canal defect
- meningomyelocele
- consequence of a lesion to broca's area
- Motor aphasia with good comprehension
- consequence of lesion to wernicke's area
- sensory aphasia with poor comprehension (fluent)
- consequence of lesion to arcuate fasciculus
- conduction aphasia; poor repitition with good comprehension, fluent speech
- consequence of lesion to Amygdala (bilateral)
- Kluver-Bucy syndrome (hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibition)
- Consequence of lesion to frontal lobe
- personality changes and deficits in concentration, orientation, and judgement, may have reemergence of primitive reflexes
- Consequence of lesion to right parietal lobe
- spatial neglect syndrome--left sided neglect
- consequence of lesion to mamillary bodies (bilateral)
- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
- Consequense of lesion to the basal ganglia
- tremor at rest, chorea, or athetosis
- Consequense of lesion to cerebellar hemisphere
- intention tremor, limb ataxia
- consequence of lesion to cerebellar vermis
- truncal ataxia, dysarthria
- consequence of lesion to subthalamic nucleus
- contralateral hemiballismus
- hemisphere vs vermis lesions of cerebellum
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hemisphere: lateral lesion affects lateral limbs
vermis: central lesion affects central body - athetosis
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slow writhing movements, esp of fingers
characteristic of basal ganglia lesion - hemiballismus
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sudden wild flailing of 1 arm
characteristic of contralateral subthalamic nucleus lesion
loss of inhibition of thalamus thru globus pallidus -
degeneration of cerebral cortex
Dementia, aphasia, parkinsonian sx
intracellular aggregated tau protein
specific for frontal and temporal lobes
dx? - Pick's disease
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degenerative disease of cerebral cortex
Dementia, aphasia, parkinsonian
intracellular aggregated tau protein
specific for frontal and temporal lobes - Pick's disease
- protein's associated with familial alzheimers
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chromosme 1, 14, 19: APOE4 allele
Chrom 21: p-App gene -
autosomal dominant inheritance
chorea and dementia
atrophy of caudate nucleus (loss of GABAergic neurons) - Huntington's disease
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Prarkinsons
Pathological anatomy and histology - Lewy bodies and depigmentation of the substantia nigra pars compacta
- Spinocerebellar deiseases, err wtf
- Olivopontocerebellar atrophy; Friedreich's ataxia
- Biochemical genetics of huntington's
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Chromosome 4 expansion of CAG repeats
CAG=Caudate loses Ach and Gaba - Tremor type in Parkinson's
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resting
TRAP=
Tremor (resting); Rigidity (cogwheel); Akinesia; Postural instability
'trapped in body' -
dx:
floppy baby w/ tongue fasciculations
death at 7 months -
Wernig-Hoffmann disease
***degeneration of anterior horns
*** - Polio symptoms, pathology
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LMN signs
degeneration of anterior horns
poliovirus