chapters 3-4
Terms
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- property crime
- A UCR offence category that idicates burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, and arson
- Hierarchical rule
- a standard uniform crime reports scoring practice in which only the most serious offense is counted in a multiple-offense incident.
- case laws
- based on historical and past interpretations of statutory laws, that serves as a guide to decision making , usually in the courts.
- stare decisis
- standing by decided matters
- due process model
- a criminal justiced perspective that emphasizes individual rights at all stages of justice system processing
- criminal homicide
- the act of causing the death of another person without legal justification or excuse
- criminal negligence
- behavior in which a person fails to reasonably perceive substantial and unjustifiable risks of of dangerous consequesnes
- statutory law
- wirtten or codified law; as enachted by a government body or agency having the powers to make the laws
- precedent
- a legal principal that ensures that previous judicial decisions are authoritativly considerd and incorporated into future cases
- uniform crime report
- an annual FBI publication that summerizes the incidence and rate of reported crimes throughout the US
- crime control model
- A criminal justice perspective that emphasizes the efficent arrest and conviction of criminal offenders
- diminished capacity
- a defense based on claims of a mental condition
- dark figure of crime
- crime that is not reported to the police, and that remains unknown to officials.
- individual rights
- the rights gaurenteed to all members of American society by the US consitution
- M'Naghten rule
- a rule for determinding insanity. asks whether the defendant knew what they were doing or whether they knew it was wrong
- consensus model
- a criminal justice perspective that assumes that the systems components work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice
- double jeopardy
- a common law and constitutional prohibition against a second trial for the same offense
- assult
- an unlawful attack by one person upon another.
- common law
- unwritten laws, orienting from usage and custom rather than written statues.
- substantive criminal law
- the part of the law that defines crimes and specific punishments
- habeas corpus
- a writ that directs the person detaining a prisonier to bring him or her before judicial officer to determine the lawfulness of the imprisionment.
- collateral estappel
- any evidence that is presented during the first trial that would prevent you from being tried in th future for another offence that happened simotaniously as the first one.