psych 478: chpt 1
Introducing Biological Psychology; Research Methods.
Terms
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- Knockout animals
- Similar to a lesioned animal but instead of removed brain area, a particular gene is removed.
- Autopsy
- (Structural Investigation) Structures after death
- Computerized Tomography (CT)
- (Structural Investigation) Similar to X-ray technology. X-rays pass through tissue, which absorbs them differently.
- Monism
- Modern neuroscience is based on monism.. the mind is based on biological systems.
- Lesion studies
- Behavior before the lesion can be compared to b behavior after the lesion... changes in behavior are attributed to damage to specific areas of the brain.
- Functional MRI (fMRI)
- (Functional Investigation) A modification of the MRI procedure that measures oxygen use and blood flow in specific regions of the brain. It is the best method for spatial and temporal resolution of activity.
- Histology
- The study of microscopic structures and tissues
- Physiological/Biological Psychology
- Studies biological systems (like the brain) that determine behavior.
- Brain stimulation
- If neurons function through changes in electrical energy, then we can mimic that energy and stimulate specific brain areas.
- Electroencephalography (EEG)
- A measure of the electrical activity of the brain. EEG signals are the sum of all electrical activity throughout the head and electrical impulses are how neurons communicate
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
- (Functional Investigation) Individuals are injected with a radioactive tracer attached to either oxygen or glucose. Higher levels of radioactivity in specific areas of the brain are correlated with those areas of the brain that have used high levels of glucose or oxygen recently. (not used as frequently anymore)
- Case studies of brain damage
- Not sure...
- Patch-clamp technique
- A scientific technique that seals and isolates small areas of a neuron which allows investigation of single ion channels
- Localization of function
- phrenology helped to establish the principal that certain body functions are controlled by certain areas of the brain.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- (Structural Investigation) Clearer pictures of the structures of the body. But it tells us nothing of function or activity.
- Dualism
- Descartes proposed that the mind and the body are separate entitiesl