Health Vocab Chapter 12
Terms
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- the substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy
- Nutrients
- the process by which the body takes in and uses these nutrients
- Nutrition
- the chemical processes by which your body breaks down food to release this energy
- Metabolism
- the amount of energy released when nutrients are burned is measured in these units
- Calories
- nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they are a great source of energy; simple and complex
- Carbohydrates
- the most important sugar/simple carbohydrate; the major provider of energy for the cells of the body
- Glucose
- a starch that extra glucose is converted into and stored in the body
- Glycogen
- a type of complex carbohydrate found in plants that cannot be broken down and absorbed in the bloodstream; it passes through the body undigested
- Fiber
- a fat that contains fewer than the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms in its structure
- Unsaturated Fats
- a fat that contains as many hydrogen atoms in its structure as is possible chemically
- Saturated Fats
- a waxy, fat-like substance found in the cells of all animals; associated with heart disease
- Cholesterol
- nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- Proteins
- smaller substances that make up proteins
- Amino Acids
- the nine amino acids that the body cannot manufacture
- Essential Amino Acids
- nutrients that are made by living things, are required only in small amounts, and assist in may chemical reactions
- Vitamins
- occurs when a person does not get enough of a specific nutrient
- Deficiency
- nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil
- Minerals
- carries oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body
- Hemoglobin
- a condition in which the red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin
- Anemia
- the dissolved substances found in water that reculates cell processes
- Electrolytes
- the process of maintaining a steady state in your body
- Homeostasis
- a serious reduction in the body’s water content
- Dehydration
- a graph that groups foods according to types and indicates how many servings of each type should be eaten daily
- Food Guide Pyramid
- the proportion of nutrients in a food compared to the number of calories
- Nutrient Density
- a recommendation, developed by nutrition experts in the US government, for the amount of a specific nutrient that the average person should obtain each day
- Daily Values
- any condition in which a person’s nutrient consumption is inadequate or unbalanced
- Malnutrition
- a serious condition in which the diet does not contain adequate protein, nor does it supply enough calories to meet the body’s energy needs
- Protein Energy Malnutrition