Upper Extremity Muscles 2
Terms
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- What is scapulohumeral rhythm?
- After the first 30 degrees of shoulder joint movement, the scapula moves 1 degree for every 2 degrees of shoulder joing movement.
- What are the lateral rotators of the shoulder girdle?
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Serratus anterior
Upper traps
Lower traps - What are the medial rotators of the shoulder girdle?
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Pectoralis minor
Rhomboids
Levator scapulae - What are the elevators of the shoulder girdle?
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Levator scapulae
Upper traps - What are the depressors of the shoulder girdle?
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Lower traps
Pectoralis minor - What are the protractors of the shoulder girdle?
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Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior - What are the retractors of the shoulder girdle?
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Middle traps
Rhomboids - Pectoralis minor
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O: Ribs 3-5
I: Coracoid process
A: Scapular depression, protaction, medial rotation, and tilt
N: Median pectoral - Serratus anterior
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O: Anterior & lateral side of ribs 2-8
I: Vertebral border of scapula
A: Scapular protraction & lateral rotation
N: Long thoracic - Upper Trapezius
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O: Occipital ridge & cervical vertebrae
I: Acromion process
A: Scapular elevation, lateral rotation
N: Accessory (XI) - Middle Trapezius
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O: Spinous processes of C7-T3
I: Spine of scapula
A: Scapular retraction
N: Accessory (XI) - Lower Trapezius
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O: Spinous processes of T4-L1
I: Base of scapular spine
A: Scapular depression & lateral rotation
N: Accessory (XI) - Levator scapulae
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O: Transverse processes of C1-C4
I: Superior angle
A: Scapular elevation & medial rotation
N: Dorsal scapular -
Rhomboids
(Major & Minor) -
O: Spinous processes of C7-T4
I: Vertebral border
A: Scapular medial rotation & retraction
N: Dorsal scapular - Anterior deltoid
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O: Lateral 1/3rd of clavicle
I: Deltoid tuberosity
A: Shoulder flexion, abduction, horizontal adduction, medial rotation
N: Axillary - Medial deltoid
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O: Acromion process
I: Deltoid tuberosity
A: Abduction
N: Axillary - Posterior deltoid
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O: Lateral scapular spine
I: Deltoid tuberosity
A: Shoulder abduction, extension, horizontal abduction, lateral rotation
N: Axillary - Supraspinatus
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O: Supraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle
A: Abduction, stabilizes humeral head
N: Suprascapular - Infraspinatus
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O: Infraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle
A: Lateral rotation, horizontal abduction, extension
N: Suprascapular - Teres minor
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O: Axillary border of scapula
I: Greater tubercle
A: Adduction, , lateral rotation, horizontal abduction, extension
N: Axillary - Subscapularis
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O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle
A: Medial rotation & stabilizes joint
N: Subscapular - Teres major
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O: Inferior angle
I: Bicipital groove
A: Adduction, medial rotation, extension
N: Subscapular -
Pectoralis major
(Clavicular division) -
O: Clavicle
I: Bicipital groove
A: Flexion 0-90, Adduction, Horizontal adduction, medial rotation
N: Pectoral -
Pectoralis major
(Sternal division) -
O: Sternum
I: Bicipital groove
A: Extension 180-90, Adduction, Horizontal adduction, medial rotation
N: Pectoral - Corachobrachialis
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O: Coracoid process
I: Mid-humerus
A: Shoulder flexion
N: Musculocutaneous - Latissimus dorsi
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O: Spinous process of T7-sacrum
I: Bicipital groove
A: Shoulder extension, medial rotation, adduction, horizontal abduction
N: Thoracodorsal -
Biceps brachii
(Long head) -
O: Supraglenoid tubercle
I: Radial tuberosity of radius
A: Shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, forearm supination
N: Musculocutaneous -
Biceps brachii
(Short head) -
O: Coracoid process
I: Radial tuberosity of radius
A: Shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, forearm supination
N: Musculocutaneous -
Triceps brachii
(Long head) -
O: Infraglenoid tubercle
I: Olecranon process
A: Shoulder extension, elbow extension
N: Radial - Brachialis
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O: Mid humerus
I: Ulnar tuberosity
A: Elbow flexion (fully pronated)
N: Musculocutaneous - Brachioradialis
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O: Lower 1/3rd of humerus
I: Styloid process of radius
A: Elbow flexion
N: Radial - Anconeus
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O: Lateral epicondyle
I: Ulna & olecranon process
A: Stabilizes joint capsule
N: Radial - Supinator
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O: Lateral epicondyle & ulna
I: Anterior radius
A: Supination
N: Radial - Pronator teres
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O: Ulna
I: Medial epicondyle of humerus & ulna
A: Pronation
N: Median - Pronator quadratus
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O: Distal ulna
I: Distal radius
A: Pronation
N: Median - Flexor carpi ulnaris
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O: Medial humeral epicondyle
I: Metacarpal 5 & pisiform & capitate
A: Wrist flexion, Ulnar deviation, weak elbow flexion
N: Ulnar - Flexor carpi radialis
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O: Medial humeral epicondyle
I: Metacarpals 2 & 3
A: Wrist flexion, radial deviation
N: Median - Palmaris Longus
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O: Medial humeral epicondyle
I: Palmar fascia
A: Wrist flexion
N: Median - Extensor carpi radialis longus
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O: Lateral humeral epicondyle
I: 2nd metacarpal
A: Wrist extension, radial deviation
N: Radial - Extensor carpi radialis brevis
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O: Lateral humeral epicondyle
I: 3rd metacarpal
A: Wrist extension, weak radial deviation
N: Radial - Extensor carpi ulnaris
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O: Lateral humeral epicondyle
I: 5th metacarpal
A: Wrist extension, ulnar deviation
N: Radial - Flexor digitorum superficialis
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O: Medial humeral epicondyle
I: Middle phalanges of 2-5
A: Finger flexion of MCP & PIP, wrist flexion, weak elbow flex
N: Median - Flexor digitorum profundus
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O: Upper third of ulna
I: Fingertips of 2-5
A: Finger flexion of MCP, PIP, DIP, wrist flexion,
N: 2-3 Median, 4-5 Ulnar - Extensor digitorum
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O: Lateral humeral epicondyle
I: Distal phalanges of 2-5
A: Extension of fingers, extension of wrist
N: Radial - Extensor digiti minimi
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O: Mid radius & ulna
I: distal phalanx of 5
A: Extension of pinky
N: Radial - Extensor Indicis
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O: Lower third of ulna
I: Distal phalanx of 2
A: Extension of 2
N: Radial - Flexor digiti minimi brevis
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O: Flexor retinaculum
I: Proximal phalanx of 5
A: Flex pinky
N: Ulnar - Abductor digiti minimi
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O: Pisiform
I: Proximal phalanx of 5
A: Abduct pinky
N: Ulnar - Opponens digiti minimi
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O: Flexor retinaculum
I: Head of 5th metacarpal
A: Opposition of pinky
N: Ulnar