Medical Terminology Ch07
Terms
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- alveol/o
- alveolus (air sac)
-
bronch/o
bronchi/o - bronchus (airway)
- bronchio/o
- bronchiole (little airway)
-
capn/o
carb/o - carbon dioxide
- laryng/o
- larynx (voicebox)
- lob/o
- lobe (portion)
-
nas/o
rhin/o - nose
- or/o
- mouth
- ox/o
- oxygen
- palat/o
- palate
- pharyng/o
- pharynx (throat)
- phren/o
- diaphragm
- pleur/o
- pleura (lining of lungs)
-
pneum/o
pneumon/o - air or lung
- pulmon/o
- lung
- sinus/o
- sinus
- spir/o
- breathing
-
thorac/o
pector/o
steth/o - chest
- tonsill/o
- tonsil
- trache/o
- trachea (windpipe)
- uvul/o
- uvula
- -pnea
- breathing
- nose
- entrance to respatory system
- sinuses
- air-filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity
- palate
- roof of the mouth, divided into the hard and soft palate
- pharynx
- throat passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larnyx
- nasopharynx
- part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages
- oropharynx
- central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and that upper edge of the epidlottis
- laryngopharynx
- lower part of the pharynx
- tonsils
- oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filter air
- adenoid
- lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose
- uvula
- small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate
- larynx
- voice box, passage for air moving from the pharynx to the trachea
- glottis
- opening between the vocal cords in the larynx
- epiglottis
- lidlike structure that covers the larynx during swallowing
- trachea
- windpipe, passage from the larynx to the carina
- bronchial tree
- branched airways that lead from the trachea to the alveoli (airsacs)
- bronchioles
- progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways
- alveoli
- thin-walled microscopic air sacs that exchange gases
- lungs
- responsible for resperations
- lobes
- subdivisions of the lung, two on the left and three on the right
- pleura
- membranes enclosing the lung
- diaphragm
- separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal, moves to aid in breathing
- mediastinim
- seperates the thorax into two compartments
- mucous membranes
- thin sheets of tissue that line respiratory passages, secrete viscid (sticky)
- cilia
- hairlike processes from the surface of epithelial cells, move mucus secretions upward
- parenchyma
- functional tissues of any organ
- eupnea
- normal breathing
- bradypnea
- slow breathing
- tachypnea
- fast breathing
- hypopnea
- shallow breathing
- hyperpnea
- deep breathing
- dyspnea
- difficulty breathing
- apnea
- inability to breathe
- orthopnea
- ability to breathe only in an upright position
- cheyne-stokes respiration
- pattern of breatheing characterized by a gradulal increase of depth and sometimes rate of breathing
- crackles
- popping sounds heard on ausculation of the lung when air enters
-
wheezes
rhonchi - high-pitched, musical sounds heard on ausculation of the lung when air flows through a narrowed airway
- stridor
- high-pitched crowing sounds that occurs with an obstruction in the upper airway
- cyanosis
- bluish coloration of the skin caused by deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
- dysphonia
- hoarseness
- epistaxis
- nosebleed
- expectoration
- coughing up and spitting out material from the lungs
- sputum
- material expelled from the lungs by coughing
- hemoptysis
- coughing up and spitting out blood from the lungs
-
hypercapnia
hypercarbia - excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood
- hyperventilation
- excessive movement of air in and out of the lungs, causing HYPOcapnia (deficent CO2 levels in blood)
- hypoventilation
- deficent movement of air in and out of the lungs, causing HYPERcapnia (excessive CO2 levels in blood)
- hypoxemia
- deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
- hypoxia
- deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells
- obstructive lung disorder
- condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs
- restricive lung disorder
- condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs
- caseous necrosis
- degeneration and death of tissue with a cheeselike appearance
- pulmonary edema
- fluid filling of the spaces around the alveoli and eventually flooding into the alveoli
- pulmonary infiltrate
- desity on an xray representing the consolidation of matter within the air spaces of the lungs usually resulting from an inflammatory process
- rhinorrhea
- thin, watery discharge from the nose
- asthma
- panting, obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane, characterized by paroxysmal attacks of wheezing, dyspnea and cough
- atelecasis
- collapse of lung tissue (alveoli)
- bronchitis
- inflammation of the bronchi
- bronchogenic carcinoma
- lung cancer, originating in the bronchi
- bronchospasm
- constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle
- bronchietasis
- abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus
- emphysema
- obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air and destructive changes in their walls resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- permanent, destrucitve pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
- laryngitis
- inflammation of the larynx
-
laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
croup - inflammation of the upper airways with swelling that creates and funnel-shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct "sear bark" cough
- laryngospasm
- spasm of laryngeal muscles, causing a constriction
- nasal polyposis
- presence of numerous polyps in the nose
- pharyngitis
- inflammation of the pharynx
- coryza
- head cold; inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes
- pleural effusion
- accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity
-
empyema
pyothorax - accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity
- hemothorax
- blood in pleural cavity
-
pleuritis
pleurisy - inflammation of pleura
- pneumoconiosis
- chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts suck as coal, asbestos, or silicone
- pneumonia
- pneumonia caused by an organism, typical in AIDS paients
- pneumothorax
- air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall
- pneumonitis
- inflammation of the lung iften caused by hypersensitivity to chemicals or dusts
- pulmonary embolism
- occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, caused by a blood clot
- pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)
- disease caused by the presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs, causes formation of tubercles and inflammation
- sinusitis
- inflammation of the sinuses
- sleep apnea
- periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often causing snoring
- tonsillitis
- acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils
- upper respiratory infection (URI)
- infectious deiseas of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx and bronchi
- arterial blood gases
- analysis of arterial blood to determine adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gases
- nasopharyngoscopy
- use of a flexible endoscope to examine the nasal passages
- auscultation
- examination method, to listen, method of using body sounds to diagnois
- percussion
- examination method, tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to extimate the size, border or fluid content of a cavity
- polysomnography (PSG)
- recording of various aspects of sleep, diag of sleep disorders
- pulmonary function testing (PFT)
- direct and indirect measurements of lung volumes and capacities
- spirometry
- direct measurement of lung capacity
- tidal volume (TV)
- amount of air exhaled after a normal inspiration
- vital capacity (VC)
- amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration
-
peak flow (PF)
peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) - measure of the fastest flow of exhaled air after a maximal inspiration
- pulmonary angiography
- xray of the blood vessels of lungs after injection of contrast material
- lobectomy
- removal of a lobe of a lung
- pneumonectomy
- removal of an entire lung
- thoracentesis
- puncture for aspiration of the chest
- thoracostomy
- creation of an opening in the chest, usually to insert a tube
- thoracotomy
- incision into chest
- cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
- when breathing and heart have stopped, artifical breathing and circulation
- continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
- device that pumps a constant pressurized flow through the nasal passages, commonly used during sleep to prevent airway closure
- endotracheal intubation
- passage of a tube into the trachea via nose or mouth to open the airway for dilivery of gas mixtures
- incentive spirometry
- common postoperative breathing threapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the patient to inhale and prevent pulmonary complications
- histamine
- a compound in the body that is released by injured cells in allergic reactions, inflammation and so on, causes constriction of bronchial smooth muscle
- expectorant
- drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing