Arcadia Pharm Exam 2
Terms
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- Adverse Effect = hypoglycemia
- sulfonylurea, meglitinides, pramlintide
- Adverse Effect = weight gain
- sulfonylurea, thiazolidinediones
- Adverse Effect = GI distress
- sulfonylurea, metformin, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, pramlntide (nausea)
- adverse effect = photosensitivity
- sulfonylurea
- adverse effect = disulfiram rxn
- sulfonylurea
- adverse effect = alteration in taste
- metformin
- adverse effect = lactic acidosis
- metformin
- adverse effect = hepatic failure
- thiazolidinedionesm alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (hepatotoxicity), meglitinides (caution use in liver DFXN)
- adverse effect = hematologic
- thiazolidinediones
- adverse effect = edema
- thiazolidinediones
- adverse effect = HA
- meglitinides
- advantage = prevention option
- metformin,
- Acetohexamide
-
1st generation sulfonylurea
-inc B cell secretion of insulin
-30 min B4 meal
-adverse effects: hypoglycemia, wt gain, gi distress, photosensitivity, disulfiram rxn
-CI's: preg, hepatic/renal DFXN, sulfa allergy? - Choloropropamide
-
1st generation sulfonylurea
-inc B cell secretion of insulin
-30 min B4 meal
-adverse effects: hypoglycemia, wt gain, gi distress, photosensitivity, disulfiram rxn
-CI's: preg, hepatic/renal DFXN, sulfa allergy? - Tolazamide
-
1st generation sulfonylurea
-inc B cell secretion of insulin
-30 min B4 meal
-adverse effects: hypoglycemia, wt gain, gi distress, photosensitivity, disulfiram rxn
-CI's: preg, hepatic/renal DFXN, sulfa allergy? - Tolbutamine
-
1st generation sulfonylurea
-inc B cell secretion of insulin
-30 min B4 meal
-adverse effects: hypoglycemia, wt gain, gi distress, photosensitivity, disulfiram rxn
-CI's: preg, hepatic/renal DFXN, sulfa allergy? - Glimerperide
-
2nd generation sulfonylurea
-inc B cell secretion of insulin
-30 min B4 meal
-adverse effects: hypoglycemia, wt gain, gi distress, photosensitivity, disulfiram rxn
-CI's: preg, hepatic/renal DFXN, sulfa allergy? - Glipizide
-
2nd generation sulfonylurea
-inc B cell secretion of insulin
-30 min B4 meal
-adverse effects: hypoglycemia, wt gain, gi distress, photosensitivity, disulfiram rxn
-CI's: preg, hepatic/renal DFXN, sulfa allergy? - Glyburide
-
2nd generation sulfonylurea
-inc B cell secretion of insulin
-30 min B4 meal
-adverse effects: hypoglycemia, wt gain, gi distress, photosensitivity, disulfiram rxn
-CI's: preg, hepatic/renal DFXN, sulfa allergy? - Metformin
-
-inhibits hepatic glucose production, enhances peripheral muscle glucose uptake
-Adverse effects: GI distress, alterations in taste, lactic acidosis
-CI's: SCr >1.4/1.5, acute liver d, active alcoholic, h/o lactic acidosis, HF, hold 48 hrs IV contrast
-Advantages: neutral effect on lipid profile, wt loss, not -> hypoglycemia, prevention option - Acarbose
-
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
-inhibits action of intestinal alpha-glucosidase, delays breakdown of ingested carbs, reduces postprandial hyperglycemia
-adverse effects: Gi distress, hepatotoxicity
-drug interactions: digestiv enzymes, intestinal absorbants
-Advantages: do not -> hypoglycemia/hyperinsulinemia, possible prevention option
-Disadvantages: less effective then other agents, GI distress, method of TX - Miglitol
-
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
-inhibits action of intestinal alpha-glucosidase, delays breakdown of ingested carbs, reduces postprandial hyperglycemia
-adverse effects: Gi distress, hepatotoxicity
-drug interactions: digestiv enzymes, intestinal absorbants
-Advantages: do not -> hypoglycemia/hyperinsulinemia, possible prevention option
-Disadvantages: less effective then other agents, GI distress, method of TX - Repaglinide
-
Meglinitide
-similar to sulfonylurea
-adverse effects: hypoglycemia, HA, caution for use in liver DFXN - Netaglinide
-
Meglinitide
-similar to sulfonylurea
-adverse effects: hypoglycemia, HA, caution for use in liver DFXN - Pramlinitide
-
-supresses glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, enhances insulin action following a meal
-Adverse Effects: N, hypoglycemia - Extenatide
-
incretin hormone
-synthetic form of extendin4 - Glia monster
-adjunctive therapy w/ metformin/ sulfonylurea
-binds to GLP1 receptors (inc glucose dependent insulin secretion, moderate glucagon secretion, delay gastric emptying, dec food intake) - Catopril
-
ACEI
-reduce glomerular capillary pressure by inhibition of angio II concentrations
-dec proteinuria, progression of kidney disease
-good for DM1 w/ proteinuria - Enalapril
-
ACEI
-reduce glomerular capillary pressure by inhibition of angio II concentrations
-dec proteinuria, progression of kidney disease
-good for DM1 w/ proteinuria - Losartan
- selective inhibition, AT1 receptor, reduction of proteinuria
- Irbersartan
- selective inhibition, AT1 receptor, reduction of proteinuria
- ACEI and ARB combo therapy
- dec tissue angio II to a greater extent then either agent alone, dec urinary albuminuria/proteinuria
- Amlopidine
-
Ca channel blockers
-sig dilation of the afferent arteriole resulting in loss of renal autoregulation
-inc intraglomerular capillary pressure and may inc proteinuria
-reduce glomerular pressure and reduce proteinuria - Felodipine
-
Ca channel blockers
-sig dilation of the afferent arteriole resulting in loss of renal autoregulation
-inc intraglomerular capillary pressure and may inc proteinuria
-reduce glomerular pressure and reduce proteinuria - Albuterol
-
B2 agonist
-stim adenyl cyclase and inc formation cAMP
-adverse Rxn = tachycardia, skeletal muscle tremor, hypokalemia, HA - Pirbuterol
-
B2 agonist
-stim adenyl cyclase and inc formation cAMP
-adverse Rxn = tachycardia, skeletal muscle tremor, hypokalemia, HA - levalbuterol
-
B2 agonist
-stim adenyl cyclase and inc formation cAMP
-adverse Rxn = tachycardia, skeletal muscle tremor, hypokalemia, HA - Ipratropium
-
anticholinergic
-competative inhibitor of cholinergic receptors -> bronchodilation
Adverse RXN = dry mouth, blurred vision - Beclomethasone
-
Corticosteroid
-anti-inflammatory
Adverse RXN = cough, dysphonia, thrush, fluid retention, wt gain, mood alteration, adrenal axis suppression, growth suppression, HTN, DM, cataracts, osteoporosis - Budesonide
-
Corticosteroid
-anti-inflammatory
Adverse RXN = cough, dysphonia, thrush, fluid retention, wt gain, mood alteration, adrenal axis suppression, growth suppression, HTN, DM, cataracts, osteoporosis - Flunisolide
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Corticosteroid
-anti-inflammatory
Adverse RXN = cough, dysphonia, thrush, fluid retention, wt gain, mood alteration, adrenal axis suppression, growth suppression, HTN, DM, cataracts, osteoporosis - Fluticasone
-
Corticosteroid
-anti-inflammatory
Adverse RXN = cough, dysphonia, thrush, fluid retention, wt gain, mood alteration, adrenal axis suppression, growth suppression, HTN, DM, cataracts, osteoporosis - Triamcinolone
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Corticosteroid
-anti-inflammatory
Adverse RXN = cough, dysphonia, thrush, fluid retention, wt gain, mood alteration, adrenal axis suppression, growth suppression, HTN, DM, cataracts, osteoporosis - Salmeterol
-
long acting B2 agonist
-stim adenyl cyclase and inc formation of cAMP -> relax airway smooth muscle and bronchodilation - Formoterol
-
long acting B2 agonist
-stim adenyl cyclase and inc formation of cAMP -> relax airway smooth muscle and bronchodilation - Cromolyn
-
mast cell stabilizer
-alteration in fxn of delayed Cl channels, inhibiting cellular activation -> dec release of pro-inflammatory cytokines
-very well tolerated