anatomy chapter 1
Terms
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- anatomy
- structure or morphology of body parts, forms and organization
- physiology
- functions of the body, what they are and how they do it
- human organism
- all parts of the body together
- atoms
- tiny particles of which chemicals are made out of
- molecules
- atoms that are bound together to form larger units
- macromolecules
- small molecules bound together
- cell
- basic unit of structure and function
- organelles
- structures within a cell that carry on specific activities
- tissue
- group of cells that are layered into masses that have common functions
- organs
- groups of tissues; complex structures with organized functions
- organ systems
- groups of organs that function closely together
- organism
- has interacting organ systems that make it up
- metabolism
- physical and chemical events that release and utilize energy
- requirements of organisms
- water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
- cells
- smallest living units
- homeostasis
- the body's (or cells) maintenence of a stable internal environment
- homeostatic mechanisms
- self-regulating control systems that help the body maintain homeostasis
- receptors
- provide info about specific conditions (stimuli)in the internal environment
- Effectors
-
ex: muscles or glands
cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment - 3 components of homeostatic mechanisms
- receptors, control center with a set point, effectors
- negative feedback
- when effectors are activated to return conditions to normal and when conditions are, the effectors are shut down
- axial portion
- head, neck, and trunk
- appendicular portion
- upper and lower limbs
- 2 cavities within axial portion
- dorsal and ventral cavity
- organs within the dorsal and ventral cavity
- viscera
- 2 subdivisions of the dorsal cavity
-
cranial cavity
vertebral cavity - cavity which houses the brain
- cranial cavity
- cavity which contains spinal cord and is surrounded by sections of backbone (vertebrae)
- vertebral cavity
- 2 subdivisiions of the ventral cavity
-
thoracic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity - muscle which seperates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
- diaphragm
- region between the lungs which seperates the thorax into 2 parts which contain R & L lungs
- mediastinum
- thoracic viscera within the mediastinum
- heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland
- portions of the abdominopelvic cavity
- upper abdominal and lower pelvic portion
- where are the upper abdominal and lower pelvic portions of the abdominopelvic cavity located?
- from the diaphram to floor of the pelvis
- what does the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity consist of?
- skin, skeletal muscles and bone
- viscera of the abdominal cavity
- stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder and large and small intestines
- portion of the abdominopelvic cavity enclosed by pelvic bones
- pelvic cavity
- contents of the pelvic cavity
- terminal end of large intestine, the urinary bladder, the internal reproductive organs
- smaller cavities within the head
-
oral cavity
nasal cavity
orbital cavity
middle ear cavity - cavity containing tounge and teeth
- oral
- cavity within the nose divided into R & L portions by a nasal septum
- nasal cavity
- cavity containing eyes and associated skeletal muscles and nerves
- orbital cavity
- cavity containing middle ear bones
- middle ear cavity
- air-filled sinuses are connected to which cavity?
- nasal
- sinuses connected to nasal cavity (names)
- sphenoidal and frontal
- serous membranes
- membranes that line the walls of the thoracic and abdominal cavities and fold back to cover the organs within