Chemistry Vocab Chap. 2 and Nuclear
Terms
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- alpha particle
-
two protons and two neutrons bound together and emitted from
the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay - beta particle
-
an electron emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of
radioactive decay - daughter nuclide
- a nuclide produced by the decay of a parent nuclide
- decay series
- a series of radioactive nuclides produced by successive radioactive decay until a stable nuclide is reached
- electron capture
-
the process in which an inner orbital electron is captured by
the nucleus of its own atom - nuclear fission
-
a process in which a very heavy nucleus splits into more-stable
nuclei of intermediate mass - nuclear fusion
-
the combining of light-mass nuclei to form a heavier, more
stable nucleus - hypothesis
- a testable statement
- scientific method
-
a logical approach to solving problems by observing and
collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating
theories that are supported by data - system
-
a specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been
selected for study during an experiment or observation - theory
- a broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena
- model
-
an explanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are
related - conversion factor
-
a ratio derived from the equality between two different units
that can be used to convert from one unit to the other - derived unit
- a unit that is a combination of SI base units
- SI
-
(Le Système International d’Unités) the measurement system accepted
worldwide - weight
- a measure of the gravitational pull on matter
- density
- the ratio of mass to volume or mass divided by volume
- quantity
- something that has magnitude, size, or amount
- volume
- the amount of space occupied by an object
- accuracy
-
the closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the
quantity measured - directly proportional
-
two quantities that give a constant value when one is divided
by the other - indirectly proportional
-
two quantities that have a constant mathematical
product - precision
-
the closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in
the same way - significant figure
-
any digit in a measurement that is known with certainty plus
one final digit, which is somewhat uncertain or is estimated - percent error
-
a value calculated by subtracting the experimental value from the
accepted value, dividing the difference by the accepted value, and then
multiplying by 100 - scientific notation
-
numbers written in the form M ×10n where the factor M is a
number greater than or equal to 1 but less than 10 and n is a whole number