AP2, Chap 26, Urinary System 2
Terms
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- excretory functions of urinary system are performed by _______
- kidneys
- kidney produce?
- urine: fluid contained water, ions, and soluble compounds
- when urine leaves the kidneys it travels along the?
- ureter
- the ureters lead to the?
- urinary bladder
- urinary bladder
- a muscular sac for the temporary storage of urine
- the urine travels from the bladder to?
- urethra
- the function of the urethra?
- to conduct urine to the exterior
- the renal vein and the renal artery
- hillus: prominant medial indentation
- hilus is a point of ENTRY for?
- renal artery and renal nerves
- hilus is a point of EXIT for?
- renal vein and ureter
- what covers the outer surface of the kidney?
- renal capsule
- the renal capsule lines the?
- renal sinus
- renal sinus
- internal cavity within the kidney
- what passed thrugh the hilus and braches within the renal sinus
- renal blood vessels and the ureter
- the superficial portion of the kidney
- renal cortex
- description of the cortex
- reddish brown and granular
- conical or tirangular structires
- renal pyrimids
- 6-18 renal pyrimids make up?
- renal medulla
- ducts within the renal papilla discharge urine into cup-shaped drain called?
- minor calyx
- 4 or 5 minor calyx makes up a?
- major calyx
- 2 or 3 major calyx form together to make the?
- renal pelvis
- renal pelvis
- large funnel shaped chamber
- Flow of blood to the kidneys
- 1- renal artery, 2-segmental artery, 3- interlobar artery, 4- arcuate artery, 5- afferent arterioles
- flow of blood to the kidneys inside the nephron
- 6- glomerulus, 7- efferent arteriole, 8- peritubular capillaries
- nephron functions
- filtration, secretion, and reabsorbtion
- a sperical structure consisting of Bowman's capsule
- renal corpuscle
- Bowman's capsule
- a cup shaped chamber approximately 200 nanometers in diameter
- glomerulus
- capillary network
- bllod arrives at the renal corpusle by the?
- afferent arteriole
- how many convoluted segemtns does hte renal tubule have?
- two
- renal tube segments?
-
1- proximal convoluted tube
2- distal convoluted tube - the renal tube segments are separated by?
- loop of Henle
- PCT
- tubular cell walls absorb organic nutrients, ions, water, plasma proteins, from the tubular fluid and release them into the peritubular fluid
- peritubular fluid
- the intestinal fluid surrounding the renal tubule
- the acute bend of the PCT turns into
- renal tubule toward the Renal Medulla
- PCT bends makes?
- loop of Henle, or nephron loop
- epitelia cells taller near DCT near renal corpuscle, nuclie are clustered together
- macula densa
- macula densa plus juxtaglomerlular cells form the?
- juxtaglomerular apparatus
- endocrine structure that secretes the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin
- juxtaglomerular apparatus
- the last segment of the nephron
- the distal convoltuted tube
- opens into the collecting system
- DCT
- consist of collecting ducts and papillary ducts
- collecting system
- DCT functions
- water(varies); secretion: hydrogen ions, ammonium ions, creatine, drugs, toxins
- filtration
- hydrostatic pressure forces water across the membrane, and solute molecules are selected on the basisof size
- urea, chloride ions, lipid-soluble materials may diffuse out of the PCT in this way
- passive reabsorbiton of ions
- PCT actively transoprts ions including:
- sodium, potassium, magnesium, bicacrbonate, phosphate, sulfate
- sodium and chloride are passively treansported out of:
- the thick ascending limb and into the peritubular fluid
-
1-DCT and collecting system become permeable to water
2- osmotic concentration of urine= deepest portion of the medulla - under maximum ADH stimulation
- ureter epithelum (inside to out)
-
1- transitional
2- smooth muscle
3- outer connective tissue layer - transitional epithelium
- inner mucosa and the surrounding lamina propria
- ureter epithelium from the ______ muscle
- detrusor muscle
- contraction of the detrusor muscle causes...
- compresses the urinary bladder and expels its contents into the urethra
- streth receptors provide adequate stimulation to parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
- micturation reflex
- action potentials are carried by...
- efferent fibers located within the pelvic nerves
- efferent fibers then stimulate...
- ganglionic neurons in the wall of the urinary bladder
- ganglionic neurons then stimulate...
- contraction of the detrusor muscle
- micturation reflex problems
- muscle looses muscle tone, less effective at voluntary movement
- involuntary release of urine
- incontinence
- incontinence
- a slow leakage