psych chapter 16 2

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Terms

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the scientific discipline that attempts to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings and behaviors of individuals are influenced by others: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
the way we seek to know and understand other persons and events: SOCIAL PERCEPTION
the process of integrating various sources of information about a person into an overall judgement: IMPRESSION FORMATION
a fixed set of beliefs about people that puts them into categories and doesn't allow for individual variation: STEROTYPE
the belief that physically attractive individuals possess socially desirable personality traits and lead happier, more fulfilling lives than less attractive persons do: PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS STEROTYPE
attitudes toward members of specific groups that directly or indirectly suggest they deserve an inferior social status: PREJUDICE
a negative and/or patronizing action toward members of a specific social group: DISCRIMINATION
a theory of prejudice contending that when two groups comete for scarce resources this competition creates a breeding ground for prejudice: REALISTIC GROUP CONFLICT THEORY
a pattern of increased hostility toward outgroups, accompanied by increased loyalty to one's ingroup: ETHNOCENTRISM
the tension and distress sometimes experienced when interacting with a person from a different social group: INTERGROUP ANXIETY
the process by which people use information to make inferences about the causes of behaviors or events: ATTRIBUTION
an attribution that locates the cause of an event in factors internal to the person, such as personality traits, moods, attitudes, abilities or effort: INTERNAL ATTRIBUTION
an attribution that locates the cause of an event in factors external to the person, such as luck, other people or the situation: EXTERNAL ATTRIBUTION
a theory of attribution asserting that people rely on consensus, consistency and distinctiveness information when assigning causes for events: COVARIATION MODEL
the tendency to make internal attributions rather than external attributions in explaining the behavior of others: FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR
a positive or negative evaluation of an object: ATTITUDE
the tendency to develop more positivev feelings toward objects and individuals the more frequently we are exposed to them: MERE EXPOSURE EFFECT
the process of consously attempting to change attitudes through the transmission of some message: PERSUASION
a theory that there are two ways in which persuasive messages can cause attitude change, each differing in the amount of cognitive effor or elaboration they require: ELABORATION LIKELIHOOD MODEL
a feeling of discomfort caused by performing an action inconsistent with one's attitudes: COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
the exercise of social power by a person or group to change the attitudes or behavior of others in a certain direction: SOCIAL INFLUENCE
a yielding to perceived group pressure: CONFORMITY
publily acting in accord with a direct request: COMPLIANCE
the expectation that one should return a favor or a good deed: RECIPROCITY NORM
the performance of an action in response to a direct order: OBEDIENCE
any form of behavior that is intended to harm or injure a person, onself or an object: AGGRESSION
the intentional use of harmful behavior in order to achieve some other goal: INSTRUMENTAL AGGRESSION
the intentional use of harmful behavior with the goal of causing injury or death to the victim: HOSTILE AGGRESSION
a belief in which males are socialied to protect their reputation by resporting to violence: CULTURE OF HONOR
a theory of aggression stating that aversive events produce negative affect, which stimulates the inclination to aggress: COGNITIVE-NEOASSOCIATIONIST MODEL
A situation in which people are inhibited from helping due to a fear or being negatively evaluated by other bystanders if they intervene and it turns out not to be an emergency: AUDIENCE INHIBITION EFFECT
the belief that the presence of others in a situation makes one less personally responsible for events that occur in the situation: DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY
the proposition that people are attracted to others who are similar to them in certain characteristics, such as attitudes and physical attractiveness: MATCHING HYPOTHESIS
a theory that people desire cognitive consistency, or "balance," in their thoughts, feelings and social relationships: BALANCE THEORY
a state of intense longing for union with another that we typically experience most intensely during the early stages of a romantic relationship: PASSIONATE LOVE
the affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined: COMPASIONATE LOVE
the negative emotional reaction experienced when a real or imagined rival threatens a relationship important to one's self-concept: JEALOUSY

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