Systemic Mycoses
Terms
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- Are systemic mycoses caused by yeasts or molds?
- both
- What 4 Yeasts cause systemic mycoses?
-
Cryptococcus neoformans
Geotrichum
Candida
Torulopsis - What 3 molds cause systemic mycoses?
-
-Nocardia
-Aspergillus fumigatus
-Zygomycetes (rhiz/mucor/absdia) - which species mostly causes aspergillosis?
- Aspergillus fumigatus
- What type of disease does Aspergillus fumigatus cause? Where does it come from?
-
inhaled pulmonary disease.
from spores in the soil - What does Nocardia cause?
- pulmonary pneumonia
- What species cause Zygomycosis?
-
Z. rhizopus
Z. mucor
Z. absidia - What in general are the Classical fungal systemic mycoses?
- Dimorphic fungi
- what are the 4 dimorphic fungi that cause systemic mycoses?
-
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Coccidioides immitis - What should you always think when you see a fungus on a plate?
-
CAUTION!! very very contagious if in the mycelial phase.
flood mold w/ sterile saline to prevent airborne pathogen - what causes histoplasmosis?
- histoplasma capsulatum
- how is histoplasmosis transmitted?
- by the inhalation of bird droppings
- what is the pathology of histoplasmosis?
-
it lives in macrophages.
-Causes a lung infection similar to TB.
May disseminate to liver/spleen -
What is the morphology of H. capsulatum at
-25 deg. C?
-37 deg. C? -
Mycelial - Tuberculate macroconidia (resembls TB too)
Yeast - cells; insignificant - What causes N. American Blastomycosis?
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- what is n. american blastomycosis?
- an upper respiratory disease that can disseminate to the skin or bone.
- how is n. american blastomycosis transmitted?
- by the inhalation of soil
-
What is the morphology of B. dermatitidis?
-25
-37 -
25: nondiagnostic microconidia.
37: BROADBASE BUDDING - thick walled cells. - what causes south american blastomycosis?
- paracoccidioides brasiliensis
-
what is s. american blastomycosis?
2 symptoms: -
an infection of mucus membranes that may disseminate to the internal organs/lungs.
mouth lesions
nose lesions - how is Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis transmitted?
- via the soil
-
what is the diagnostic morphology of paracoccidiodes brasiliensis?
what is the morphology of the other phase? -
-Multiple budding off very thick walled cells at 37 degrees
-Chlamydoconidia at 25 -
what causes valley fever?
in whom is it found? -
san joaquin valley fever is caused by Coccidiodes immitis.
dark skinned people - it disseminates to the CNS -
How is Coccidioides immitis transmitted?
What is the pathology of Coccidiomycosis? -
transmit via inhalation in dry, arid soil.
starts as a lung infection that disseminates to the skin, possibly CNS in dark people - Valley fever is endemic in what region?
- Southwest.
-
What is the diagnostic morphology of Coccidioides immitis?
special growth feature? -
barrel-shaped arthrospores at 25'C;
Yeast phase only grows in vivo; sporangium seen here. - What are cells of Coccidioides immitis like in the yeast phase?
- filled with spores - sporangia
- What are 3 antibacterials used to treat systemic mycoses?
-
1. Amphotericin B
2. 5-Fluorocytosine
3. Ketoconazole