HEART 2
Terms
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- Heart location
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-Thorax, mediastinum; left of midline.
-Function: self-adjusting muscular double pump; both pumps are concerted.
-Fist-sized
-Apex points down
-Base points up - Pericardium
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Covers the heart; has two layers:
-Fibrous
-Serous - Fibrous Pericardium
- Outer layer of the heart covering
- Serous Pericardium
- Inner layer of the heart covering; in contact w/ epicardium.
- Heart layers
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epicardium
myocardium
endocardium - epicardium
-
external heart layer; continuous with the serous pericardium
-superficial to myocardium - myocardium
- MUSCLE layer of the heart; contains blood vessels and nerves.
- endocardium
-
inner layer of the heart tissue.
continuous with epithelial layers of attached vessels (great arteries/veins) - Heart Chambers
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-Right Atrium
-Right Ventricle
-Left Atrium
-Left Ventricle - Right Atrium input/output
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input: from superior/inferior vena cava
output: to right ventricle via right AV valve (tricuspid) - Right Ventrical Input/Output
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Input: Right atrium via AV valve
Output: to pulmonary trunk, via the pulmonary semilunar valve - left atrium input/output
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input: pulmonary veins carrying oxygenated blood
output: left ventricle via the left AV valve, tricuspid. - Left ventricle input/output
-
input: left atrium via left AV valve.
output: aorta to the arch. - Great Vessels
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Superior/inferior vena cava
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Veins (4) - Heart Valves
-
Right AV - tricuspid
Left AV - bicuspid
Pulmonary Semilunar
Aortic Semilunar - Mitral Valve
- aka, Bicuspid right av valve
- Valve function
- to prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles/valves, but allow it to flow into the intended chamber.
- Bicuspid valve
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Left AV
-3x as thick as right, for strength to push blood through circulation. - Function of chordae tendinae and papillary muscles
- when blood fills ventricles it pushes back on the AV valve; papillary muscles tense to prevent the AV valve from opening into the ATRIUM and allow blood to flow back. kind've like a parachute behind a drag-racing car.
- diastole
- period of ventricular relaxtion as blood flows from atria to ventricles;
- systole
- when the AV valves slam shut and ventricular contraction begins to push blood out pulmonary and atrial semilunar valves.
- Heart Septa
-
interatrial
interventricular - interatrial septum
- connective tissue that seperates the left/right atria
- interventricular septum
- division between the ventricles.
- Heart Sulci
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Coronary
Interventricular - Coronary Sulcus
- superficial line that divides the atria from the ventricles. a "deep groove, boundary." vessels run within
- interventricular sulcus
-
-Anterior
-Posterior
deep groove/boundary dividing the ventricles from a superficial view. - Trabeculae carnae
- muscles within the ventricular walls.
- papillary muscles
- attach to the ventricular walls; yank on chordae tendinae during ventricular contraction.
- chordae tendinae
- HEARTSTRINGS; attach to papillar muscles; passively restrain the valves so that when closed they won't blow open by blood trying to reenter atria
- Fossa ovalis
- an opening in fetal life between the atria; allows blood to bypass pulmonary circulation.
- Ligamentum arteriosum
- remnant of a fetal vessel; attaches the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch
- Coronary Circulation
- supplies blood to the muscle tissue of the heart.
- Coronary arteries
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originate within aortic sinus, at base of ascending aorta; first branches, the best blood, highest blood pressure.
Emerge from the aortic arch as its first branches - left coronary artery
-
emerges from left aorta (of patient)
-runs within left coronary sulcus
Branch: LAD, anterior interventricular artery - LAD
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left anterior descending artery
-branch of left coronary artery
-runs within the interventricular sulcus; aka,
anterior interventricular artery - circumflex artery
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-branch of left common carotid;
-runs within the coronary sulcus, then descends on posterior left side of heart. - right coronary artery
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emerges from right aorta side
-runs within right coronary sulcus
Branches:
-posterior interventricular artery
-marginal artery - posterior interventricular artery
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branch (after marginal) of right coronary artery;
-runs within interventricular sulcus of heart.
aka, posterior descending artery (as opposed to LAD) - marginal artery
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branch of right coronary artery
-runs down right side of heart around apex. - Veins of the heart
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-great cardiac vein
-middle cardiac vein
-coronary sinus - great cardiac vein
- runs within interventricular sulcus with LAD artery; returns blood to the coronary sinus
- middle cardiac vein
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runs with posterior interventricular artery in interventricular sulcus;
returns blood to coronary sinus - coronary sinus
- recieves blood from the great and middle cardiac veins (they actually join and become the sinus), returns to the right atrium. opens into right atrium just below fossa ovalis.