Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum
Terms
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- Basal Ganglia Components
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Caudate Nucleus
Putamen
Globus Pallidus (GPi, GPe)
Substantia Nigra (SNc, Snr)
Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) - striatum
- caudate + putamen
- Corpus Striatum
- Globus Pallidus + Caudate + Putamen
- Lentiform Nucleus
- Putamen + Globus Pallidus
- Striatal Afferent
- Neocortex; virtually the whole cortical mantle projects to the striatum
- SNc
- Substantia Nigra Compacta; contains neurons that project to the striatum and produce dopamine, which permits the flow of info through the striatum. Parkinsons disease is the lack of substantia nigra cells, so info can't flow through the striatum and motor pathways can't be examined and corrected and all that.
- striatal efferents
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GPe (globidus pallidus externus)indirect
GPi (globidus pallidus internus)direct - Pallidal efferents
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GPe: to STN (Subthalamic nucleus)
GPi and SNr: to VA or VL (Ventral anterior or lateral nucleus of thalamus) - SNr afferent
- back to GPi, then proceed as normal (to SNr and both to VA/VL of thalamus)
- Thalamic Efferents (projections)
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PMC = Premotor cortex
SMA = supplementary motor area
Primary Motor Cortex; precentral gyrus. - lenticulostriate arteries
- feed the motor cortex areas; when blocked, results in a motor programming and commanding deficiency
- Corticostriatopallidothalamocortico Direct Pathway
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Motor Cortex - Striatum - GPi and SNr -
VA/VL of thalamus - SMA or Motor Cortex - Corticostriatopallidothalamocortical Indirect Pathway
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Motor Cortex - Striatum - GPe - STN - GPi and SNr - VA/VL of thalamus - cortex
Modulates neurons headed to the spinal cord to produce a motor program. - Important Anatomical divisions of Cerebellum
- Anterior/Posterior lobes, Primary Fissure, Vermis, Right/Left Cerebellar Hemispheres, Flocconodular lobe, Cerebellar Peduncles.
- Cerebellar Functional Subdivisions (3)
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Vestibulocerebellum
Spinocerebellum
Cerebrocerebellum - Vestibulocerebellum Anatomical Location
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Flocconodular lobe (base of cerebellum)
Contains 'Lateral vestibular nucleus (not so important) receives info from vestibular apparatus in ear regarding equilibrium and balance. - Spinocerebellum anatomical region
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Vermis, Intermediate Hemisphere.
Contains Fastigial Nucleus, and Interposed: Emboliform + globose - Spinocerebellum function
- Receives descending motor info from cerebral cortex to the vermis/fastigial nucleus, and compares it to afferent info from spinocerebellar tracts regarding peripheral activity. Sends internal feedback to the motor cortex via medial systems (nuclei in midbrain)
- Cerebrocerebellum anatomical location
- lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum
- Cerebrocerebellum function
- contains dentate nucleus. recieves cortex info via pontine nuclei to compare to sensory info, sends integrated feedback to premotor cortex for initiation, planning, and timing.
- Cerebellum Afferents
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Spinal cord (sensory)
Vestibular nuclei (sensory)
Pontine Nuclei (motor intent) - Cerebellum Efferents (outputs)
- via deep cerebellar nuclei, sends info to VL in thalamus, then to motor cortex.