Vertebral column, etc
Terms
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- Atypical C7 characteristics
- Has a vertebra prominens which is easily palpatable and extends over T1
- Best motion of Cervical vertebra
- rotation
- Thoracic vertebrae characteristics
-
long sloping spines over inferior vertb.
demifacets - Demifacets
- Facets on T2-T8 for articulation with ribs; small cavities on pedicles.
- Best motion of Thoracic vertebrae
- Lateral flexion
-
Characteristics of Lumbar vertebrae
And Best Motion -
Parts are large and thick, bear weight.
Very blunt spinous processes
Flexion/Extension
Bending at the waist is really
Bending at the lumbar - characteristics of saccral vertebrae
-
Fused; has no motion.
ARticulates with ilium - Coccygeal
- Fused, has no motion.
- Vertebral column bones
-
33 bones total:
7 Cervical Vertebrae
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral (fused)
4 Coxxygeal (fused) - Body/Centrum
- dense portion of the vertebra, ventral to everything
- pedicle
- side of vertebral foramen, between the body and the transverse process
- transverse process
- pokes out of side of vertebrae from posterior view
- laminae
- between transverse and spinous processes
- spinous process
- sticks out of very back of vertebrae
- vertebral foramen
- hole through which the spinal cord runs, created by the pedicle, body, and articular processes
- articular processes with facet
- inferior articulates with the superior facet of vertebra below it, superior articulates with inferior of vertebra above it. situated just posterior to the vertebral foramen. forms a small gliding joint
- Facet joints of vertebrae
- Gliding; allows flexion, extension, rotation depending on region. Formed between articulations between adjacent vertebrae.
- Anterior longitudinal ligament
- ventral to the bodies of vertebrae; prevents extensive extension; backbending backwards.
- posterior longitudinal ligament
- forms the anterior spinal canal wall (behind the spinous processes and cord) prevents bending forward, flexion
- supraspinous ligament
- super spine; runs along tips of spinous processi, prevents flexion bending forward
- ligamentum nuchae
- special part of supraspinous ligament
- interspinous ligament
- between the spinous processi; prevents flexion of spine
- ligamenta flava
- connect the laminae; evidently makes the posterior wall of the spinal canal
- anterior/posterior sacroiliac ligaments
- run between the saccrum and ilium articulations
- sacrospinous greater/lesser sciatic foramen
- allows the sciatic nerve to pass between the saccrum and ilium, at the greater and lesser sciatic notches.
- intervertebral foramen
- openings between vertebrae through which spinal nerves emerge
- kyphosis
- curvature of spine when convexity is posterior; hunchback
- lordosis
- curvature of spine when convexity is anterior; swayback
- primary curvature
- present at birth, 2 curves, both are kyphosis; posterior
- secondary curvature
- develops in infancy, both are a lordosis
- abnormal curvatures
- exaggerated kyphosis-hunchback, lordosis-swayback, lateral-scoliosis
- Typical cervical vertebrae - #'s/characteristic
- C3-C6; transverse foramina allows passage of artery to brain to pass through. have bifid spine with 2 headed spines.
- Atypical cervical vertebrae
- C1, C2, C7
- Atypical C1 characteristics
- Atlas: no body or spine, but has cavities for occipital condyles and articulation with head.
- Atypical C2 characteristics
- Axis: has a dens, dontoid process. Creates a pivot joint for rotation of head