Chapter 33 Sociesties at Crossroads
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- Extraterritoriality
- Europeans exempt from Ottoman law within the empire
- Mahmud II (1808-1839)
- Reformer and became sultan after revolt
- Tanzimat era (1839-1876)
- Broad legal reforms, modeled after Napoleon's civic code. Broad legal reforms, modeled after Napoleon's civic code
- Opposition to Tanzimat reforms
- Religious conservatives critical of attack on Islamic law and tradition
- The Young Turk era
- 1876, coup staged by bureaucrats who demanded a constitutional government
- Nationalistic
- favored Turkish dominance within empire, led to Arab resistance
- The Crimean War (1853-1856)
- Sought access to Mediterranean Sea, moved on Balkans controlled by Ottomans
- Zemstvos
- The zemstvos are a local assemblies with representatives from all classes
- The Witte system
- The witte system was developed by Sergei Witte, minister of finance, 1892-1903
- Alexander II
- Was the reforming tsar he was assassinated by a bomb in 1881
- Russo-Japanese War 1904-05
- Russian expansion to east leads to conflict with Japan
- Revolution of 1905
- triggered by costly Russian defeat by Japan
- Bloody Sunday massacre
- Unarmed workers shot down by government troops
- Cohong
- Is a system restricted foreign merchants to one port city
- The Opium War (1839-1842)
- Commissioner Lin Zexu directed to stop opium trade