Chemistry
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Liquid state
- fixed volume, takes shape of container
- Atom
- the fundamental unit of which elements are composed
- kilo
- kilometer; 1000
- Temperature
- measure of the random motions of the components of a substance
- Nucleus
- the small, dense center of positive charge in an atom
- Homogeneous
- a mixture that is the same throughout
- Alkali metals
- Group 1A metal (1st column, not including hydrogen, on periodic table)
- scientific notation
- a convenient way of expressing a very large number by using powers of 10.
- Periodic table
- a chart showing all the elements arranged in columns in such a way that all the elements in a given column exhibit similar chemical properties
- Mass number
- total number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus of an atom
- significant figures
- the certain digits and the first uncertain digit of a measurement.
- Geiger Counter
- measures rate of radioactive decay in an area
- Acids
- a substance that produces hydrogen ions in aqueous solution; a proton donor
- Cation
- a positive ion
- Solubility
- the amount of a substance that dissolves in a given volume of solvent or solution at a given temperature
- Polar molecule
- a molecule that has a permanent dipole moment
- Electron
- a negatively charged particle that occupies the space around the nucleus of an atom
- Solid state
- has fixed shape and volume
- Diatomic elements
- a molecule composed of two atoms
- Isotopes
- atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons, same atomic number but different mass numbers
- Quantitative test
- characteristics regarding amount of something
- Polyatomic ion
- an ion containing a number of atoms
- Distillation
- a method of separating the components of a liquid mixture that depends on differences in the ease of vaporization of the components.
- Nonmetal
- an element that doesn't exhibit metallic characteristics
- Atomic mass
- the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring element
- Filtration
- a method of separating the components of a mixture containing liquids and solids.
- deci
- decimeter; 1/10
- Salts
- an ionic compound
- Actinide series
- rare earth element group (elements 90-103)
- Brittle
- rough; hard
- Half-life
- the time required for the number of nuclides in a radioactive sample to reach half the original number of nuclides
- Rare earth metals
- very rare; U-92 was the last naturally occurring element.
- Saturated
- a solution that contains as much solute as can be dissolved in that solution
- Test solution
- an element that changes in the experiment.
- Conductivity
- the ability to conduct an electric current
- Bases
- a substance that produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solution; a proton acceptor
- electro negativity
- the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself
- Alpha
- a helium nucleus produced in radioactive decay
- mili
- millimeter; 1/1000
- Beta
- an electron produced in radioactive decay
- chemcial property
- change of substance into another substance
- Unsaturated
- a solution in which more solute can be dissolved than is dissolved already
- Mixture
- a material of variable composition that contains two or more substances.
- Aqueous solution
- a solution in which water is dissolving medium, or solvent.
- Noble gasses
- Group 8A gas
- Fusion
- the process of combining two light nuclei to form a heavier, more stable nucleus
- Neutralization reaction
- an acid-base reaction; the result is always salt and water
- Density
- a property of matter representing the mass per unit of measurement
- Neutron
- a particle in the atomic nucleus with a mass approximately equal to that of the proton but with no charge
- Lathanide series
- rare earth element group (elements 58-71)
- Heterogeneous
- a mixture that has different components in different regions of the mixture
- Transitions metals
- several series of elements in which inner orbitals are being filled (1B-10B group)
- Proton
- a positively charged particle in an atom nucleus
- Chemical bond
- the force that holds two atoms together in a compound
- Halogens
- Group 7A metal
- Metalloid
- an element that has both metallic and nonmetallic properties
- control rods
- rods composed of substances that absorb neutrons
- Compound
- a substance with constant composition that can be broken down into elements by chemical processes
- Radioactivity
- the spontaneous decomposition of a nucleus to form a different nucleus
- Gamma
- a high energy proton produced in radioactive decay
- Molecule
- a bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same element or different elements
- Physical property
- can change without the substance becoming a different substance
- atomic radius
- half the distance between the atomic nuclei in a molecule consisting of identical atoms
- First ionization energy
- the quantity of energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion
- Filtrate
- the action of filtration
- Ionic bonds
- the attraction between oppositely charged ions
- Bombardment
- to combine a particle with an element to create something new
- Ion
- an atom or group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge
- Fission
- the process of using a neutron to split a heavy nucleus into two nuclei with smaller mass numbers
- Malleable
- easily reshaped; not hard
- Radioactive dating
- a method for dating ancient wood or cloth on the basis of the radioactive decay
- Qualitative test
- characteristics regarding appearance.
- Atomic number
- the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
- Molar mass
- the mass in grams of one mole of a compound
- Radioactive decay
- the spontaneous decomposition of a nucleus to form a different nucleus
- Metal
- an element that gives up electrons relatively easily and is typically lustrous, malleable, and a good conductor of heat and electricity
- centi
- centimeter; 1/100
- Crystal
- a solid characterized by the regular arrangement of its components
- Radiotraces
- a radioactive nuclide, introduced into an organism for diagnostic reasons
- Control solution
- something that is the same in both experiments
- Element
- a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or physical means. It consists of atoms all having the same atomic number
- Gaseous state
- has neither fixed shape nor volume
- Alkaline earth metals
- Group 2A metal (2nd column on periodic table)
- Anion
- a negative ion