Chapter 16 Vocab
Terms
undefined, object
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- obedience
- form a compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands usually from someone in a position of authoirty
- source
- the person who sends a communication
- channel
- the mediun through which a message is sent
- discrimination
- behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group
- reciprocity
- liking those who show that they like you
- group polarization
- a phenomeon that occurs when group discussion strengthens a groups dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction
- social loafing
- reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work by themselves
- groupthink
- a process in which members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision
- fundamental attribution error
- observers bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining others behavior
- group
- 2 or more individuals who interact and are interdependent
- matching hypothesis
- the idea that males and females of approximatly equal physical attractiveness will select each other as partners
- reciprocity norm
- the rule that people should pay back in kind what they receive from others
- individualism
- putting personal groups ahead of group goals and defining ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships
- social schemas
- organized clusters of ideas about catagories of social events and people
- external attributions
- ascribing the causes of behavior to situational demands and enviromental constraints
- collectivism
- putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining ones identity in terms of the group one belongs to
- passionate love
- a comlete absorption in another that includes tender sexual feelings and then agony and ecstasy of intense emotion
- self-serving bias
- tendency to attribute ones successes to personal factors and ones failures to situational factors
- social psychology
- the branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals thoughts, feelings and behaviors are influenced by others
- companionate love
- warm, trusting, tolerant affection for another whose life is deeply interwined with ones's own
- attributions
- inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others' behavior, and their own behavior
- committment
- an intent to maintain a relationship in spite of the diffculties and costs that may arise
- foot-in-the-door technique
- getting people to agree to a small request to increase the chance that they will agree to a larger request later
- social roles
- widely shared expectations about how people in certain positions are susposed to behave
- person perception
- the process of forming impressions of others
- message
- info transmitted by a source
- internal attributions
- ascribing the causes of behavior to personal dispositions traits, abilites, and feelings
- lowball technique
- getting someone to commit to an attractive proposition before revealing the hidden costs
- conformity
- the tendency for people to yield to real or imagined social pressures
- prejudice
- negative attitude held toward members of a group
- receiver
- the person to whom a mesage is sent
- bystander effect
- a paradoxical social phenomenon in which people are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone
- attitudes
- orientations that locate objects of thought on dimensions of judgment
- defensive attribution
- the tendency to blame victims for their misfortune so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way
- cognitive development
- transitions in youngsters pattern of thinking including reasoning, remembering, and problem solving
- interpersonal attraction
- positive feelings toward another
- ingroup
- the group that people belong to and identify with
- intimacy
- warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship
- outgroup
- people who are not part of the ingroup
- illusory correlation
- a misperception that occurs when people estimate that they have encountered more confirmations of an assocaition between social traits then they have actually seen
- group cohesiveness
- the strength of the liking relationships linking group members to each other and to the group itself
- stereotypes
- widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group