Chemistry Terms
Terms
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- neutron
- an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton
- location of alkaline earth metals
- group 2
- Characteristics of noble gases
- 1) low reactivity 2) sable
- four blocks - electron config
- s, p, d, f
- physical properties
- can be observed or measured w/o changing identity of substance ex: color, smell etc
- chemical properties
- the ability of a substance to change ex: rust flammable
- Dalton
- atom
- location of transitions
- groups 3-12 and bottom
- which elements are good conductors of heat and electricity?
- metals
- Thompson
- measured the ratio of the charge of cathode-ray particles to their mass.... ratio is same
- exensive properties
- exensive properties depend on the amount of matter present (volume, mass)
- valence electrons
- electrons in the outermost energy level; # of electrons determines properties; related to group #
- group
- verticle row of the periodic table.
- Milliken
- discovered nucleus with thin gold foil
- proton
- positive, found in nucleus
- location of metalloids
- B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te
- electron
- A negatively charged subatomic particle located outside the nucleus.
- period
- A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.
- percent error
- value accepted - value experimental OVER value accepted
- atomic radius and trends
- half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms bonded together; down a group - increases because electrons are being added to higher main energy levels that are further from the nucleus. across a period - decreases b/c electrons are being pulled closee to nuc due to electromagnetic change. largest atoms on left, smallest on right
- Characteristics of metalloids
- 1) solid at room temp 2) less malleable than metals but not as brittle as nonmetals 3) some have metallic lustre 4) semi-conductors of electricity
- Characteristics of metals
- 1) metallic shine or luster 2) solid at room temp 3) malleable 4) ductile 5) good conductors of heat and electricity
- location ofhalogens
- group 17
- isotope
- one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons
- Characteristics of nonmetals
- 1) rarely have metallic luster 2) usually gases at room temp 3) nonmetal solids are neither malleable nor ductile 4) not conductors of heat and electricity
- intensive
- don't depend on the amount of matter present (melting point, boiling point)
- location of alkali metals
- group 1
- ionization energy and trends
- energy needed to remove one electron from an atom (how tightly an atom holds out to electon) - first ionization energy means how much energy it takes to remove one electron, second..etc. - DOWN GROUP: decreases b/c electrons removed from each atom as you go down have higher energy lvels so they are removed more easily ACROSS PERIOD: increases b/c higher nuclear charge more strongly attracts electrons BE AND N ARE SEMI-STABLE
- electronegativity and trends
- an atoms desire for additional electrons. across a period - increase b/c nonmetals gain electrons to fill valence shells and metals lose them down a group - decrease in group 17 or remain about same (less desire to fill valence )