Exam I defintions
This set contains defintitions for Phase Transitions, Solubility and Organic Compounds.
Terms
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- Melting Point
- The temperature ar which a crystalline solid changes to a liquid
- Heat of Fusion
- The heat needed for the melting of a solid
- Dipole-dipole Force
- An attractive intermolecular force resulting from the tendancy of polar molecules to align themselves such that the positive end of one molecule is near the negative end of another
- Freezing Point
- The temperature at which a pure liquid changes to a crystalline solid
- Critical Temperature
- The temperature above which the liquid state of a substance no longer exists
- Phase Diagram
- A graphical way to summerize the conditions under which different states of a substance are stable
- Intermolecular Forces
- The forces of interaction between molecules
- Condensation
- The change of a gas to either the liquid or the solid state
- Sublimation
- The change of a solid directly to the vapor
- Gases
- Compressible fliuds, Constant random motion throughout mostly empty space
- Viscosity
- The resistance to flow that is exhibited by all liquids and gases
- Solids
- Nearly incompressible, Rigid not fluid, Oscillate or vibrate about fixed sites, Compact lack of empty space
- Melting
- The change of a solid to the liquid state
- Vaporization
- The change of a solid or a liquid to the vapor
- Liquids
- Relativly incompressible fluids, Constant random motion, More tightly packed, Lack of empty space
- London Forces
- The weak attractive forces between molecules resulting from the small, instantaneous dipoles that occur because of the varying positions of the electrons during their motion about the nuclei
- Boiling Point
- The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure exerted on the liquid
- Freezing
- The change of a liquid to the solid state
- Capillary Rise
- The movement of liquid into a small glass tube, due to the attraction of water molecules to glass
- Hydrogen Bonding
- A weak to moderate force that exists between a hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom, X, and a lone pari of electrons on another small electronegative atom, Y
- Surface Tension
- The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount
- Heat of Vaporization
- The heat needed for the vaporization of a liquid
- Critical Pressure
- The vapor pressure at the critical temperature
- van der Waals Forces
- A general term for those intermolecular forces that include dipole-dipole and London forces
- Triple Point
- The point on a phase diagram representing the temperature and pressure at which three phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium