Biology:Chapters 10&11
Terms
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- fetus
- embryo eneters 8th week called
- embryo
- fertilized egg in earliest stage (see zygote)
- morphogenesis
- as differentiate; organize + form tissues + organs of complete animals
- monocots
- grass, corn, tulip; leaves parallel veins
- notochord
- stiff rod that develops into part of the backbone
- sperm
- sex cell produced by male parent
- selective-gene-loss hypothesis
- differentiating cells lose some genes
- determination
- process by which a cell commits to a particular course of development
- hox genes
- group of homeotic genes found in all animals; establish anterior-posterior axis
- dorsal-ventral direction
- back to the belly
- cleavage
- zygote divides into two cells
- pericycle
- tissue gives rise to roots
- polydactyly
- condition of having extra fingers/toes
- monoploid
- 1 set of chromosomes
- villi
- finger-like projections extended by chorion; when gastrulation begins
- differentiation
- cells divide; they become different from one another
- epicotyl
- all the plant parts above the seed
- DNA-RNA hybridization
- method of making DNA + seperating strands ->dye strands, Used as probe test to detect RNA w/ matching nucleotide sequence
- segmentation
- division of the body into a number of similar sections
- gastrula
- 3-layered cell embryo
- anencephaly
- exposed brain degenerates + skull fails to form
- ray cells
- cells that get water from center to other parts of tree
- gametes
- reproductive cells created by male + female
- amnion
- sac or membrane filled w/ fluid enclosing the embryo of reptile,bird, or mamals
- blastocyst
- 5 days after fertilization; resembles hollow blastula of other animals
- hypocotyl
- dicots; portion of stem below seed leaf
- anterior-posterior axis
- line running from head to tail
- primary germ layers
- 3 cell layers; form body's tissue
- fertilization
- union of two sex cells
- ectoderm
- form the skin, nervous systems etc.
- activation
- fertilization turns metabolism on
- homeoticgenes
- transform one organ into another
- spinabifida
- neural tube fails to close + body wall remains open
- chorion
- embryonic membrane that surrounds all other embryonic membranes in reptiles, birds, and mammals
- metamorphosis
- series of changes that transforms larva into adult
- diploid
- 2 sets of chromosomes
- body plan
- general shape of organism
- haploid
- 1/2 as many chromosomes
- zygote
- fertilized egg in earliest stage
- mesoderm
- produce skeleton, muscles, heart, blood and other internal organs
- larva
- feeding individual looks nothing like the adult
- genetic-equivalence hypothesis
- all cells contain same genes, but some genes become inactive during differentiation
- neural tube
- form brain, spinal chord, and nerves
- radicle
- embryonic root
- placenta
- exchanges wastes, nutrients, oxygen, and carbon dioxide between mom + baby
- yolk
- energy-rich collection of lipids & proteins