Ch9-11 Test Prep

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Society of Cincinnati: secret hereditary order by Continental Army officers
Held ideas close to traditional Britain.
American Revolution or Evolution: Most states reduce prop holding requirements for voting
social democ. stimulated by growth of trade organization for artisans and laborers
primogeniture eliminated
Quakers in PA: Founded world's first anti-slavery society in 1775
Egalitarian movement of Revolution: abolition of slave trade
early abolition: north abolished emancipation
south of PA - no abolition
No property, jobs, education of children, interracial marriage
why slavery not addressed in constitution: founding fathers felt it may fracture unity.
how constitution adress equality: states reduced prop-holding requirements
seperation of church & state
outcome of rev for white women: education expanse
What state constitutions for? Why made?: Call colonies to summon themselves as new states
rest sovereignty on people
guarantee freedom from legislature
condition of having state constitution (every year): election of legislatures every year
weak exec & jud branches, legislative has full power
Why state capitals relocated west: under new state constitutions, poorer western farmers made more of an influence
relationship between french and US Revolution: people at first overjoyed
Federalists disgusted with bloodshed
Jeffersonians felt it necesary for freedom
Status of people at end of Rev (economically, socially): America not socially united
British manufacturers sold cheap goods to make American industries suffer
People began to boycott British goods
Economic democracy vs political democracy: economic democracy more portant to citizens
greatest strength of US after revolution: independance
2nd continental congress: made of ambassadors from 13 states
no authority - some control over military and foreign policy
articles of conf: deafted by congress in 1777
no exec branch (no leader)
weak congress - no enforcing commerce or tax
unanimous vote for amendments
1 vote each state in judicial
States too much power
issue in ratifying Articles: unanimous approval required
6 states jealous for land
land-blessed states sell to pay off debts
states without have to tax
land ordinance of 1785: western lands sold by congress to benefit whole nation
Settled by pioneering farmers - towns 6 miles square
36 sections - 1 for public school
match with problems with US foreign relations: Britain, Spain, France, Barbary Coast: Britain - refused to repeal navigation laws. Closed trading to U.S.
Spain - closed Mississippi River to American commerce. Claimed large area near Gulf of Mexico
France - demanded payments of U.S. debts
Barbary Coast - pirates, ravaged U.S. ships. America too weak to stop.
Spain & Britain after Revolution War: encouraged indian tribes to be restless, prevented U.S. from controlling half the territory
Shay's Rebellion - how provoked, result: MA backcountry farmers losing farms through unpain loans & taxes
wealthy citizens formed small army to stop
amendment "states' rights amendment": 10th
Hamilton and financial program: loyalty to U.S. questioned
Urged fed gov't to assume debts and pay them off, then assume state debts
More people gov't owed money, more people cared about U.S.
Proposed custom duties (excise), low tariff (8%) on dutiably imports
Another excise tax on whiskey
Proposed national bank that won
circulate cash to stimulate business & print money (national currency)
which following pairs not directly related: implied powers, necessary proper clause strict construction, 10th amendment loose construction, elastic clause state's rights, loose construction necessary & proper clause, invested: state's rigths, loose construction - one is state-related, one fed-related
Whiskey Rebellion: fed-up farmers revolt against excise tax
liquor often used as currency
militia of 13,000 ran them out - killing 3
founding fathers & political parties: founding fathers had not seen the coming political parties. Wigs and Feds were only groups.
Madison and Jefferson - Democratic-Republicans
Hamilton - Federalist
Hamilton & Jefferson - Public Policies: Hamilton - fed funds stimulate business by circulating and national currency
Jefferson - no authorization in constitution for financial power and states had power over banks
Event in 1790s affect American political and social life most: After Washington's first term, two parties evolved: Jeffersonians & Hamiltonians
Feds, Anti-feds, Torys, Whigs - why and who formed: formed against certain issues and then faded
Franco-American alliance of 1778: infinite alliance bounding U.S. to help French defend West Indies.
Jeffersonians wanted to favor alliance
Hamiltonians wanted to avoid war
Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793: Made cause war had to be avoided when military weak, economy wobbly, & politically disunited
Proclaimed gov't as officially neutral on conflict with Britain and France.
Jeffersonians angry it didnt go through congress
Favored france cause west indies needed yankee foods.
Chronological Order: XYZ Affair Jay's Treaty Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions Neutrality Proclamation: Neutrality Proclamation (1793)
Jay's Treaty (1794)
XYZ Affair (1797)
Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions (1799)
Major problem facing America in first quater century: Indians and their close connections with Britain
Treaty of Grenville: Army routed the Miamis at battle of fallen timbers, britian refused to shelter fleeing indians
Confederacy gave up lots of old northwest
Indians got money annually, right to hunt, and recognition of sovereign status.
Miami Confederacy: Eight Indian nations allied to terrorize Americans invading lands (Great Lakes)
John Adams & Feds: Broke alliance with France and prepared for war
No declaration of war; built up forces
Pushed Alien & Sedition Acts
Changed time for citizenship from 5 to 14yrs
Election of 1800: Feds have enemies from Alien & Sedition Acts
Feds most damaged by Adams not declaring war - spent lots but did nothing
Rumors about Jefferson
Jefferson won - tying Aaron Burr
House of Reps decided Jefferson - persuaded by Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson: Said Americans a mixture of all parties
unconventional - sloppy attire
2 jeffersons: private citizen who philosophized, harrassed public official disocvering philosophy works differently in politics
Dismissed few fed officials
Disunited party
paroned people under sedition act & ended excise tax
Embargo Act: Forbade export of all goods from U.S.
Lots of people out of the job.
Illegal trade mushroomed.
Congress repealed act, replacing with Non-Intercourse Act - no trade with France or England
Embargo failed: 1) British had little dependance on British goods and 2) embargo didnt last long enough
John Marshall: Cousin of Jefferson
Appointed chief justice by Judiciary Act of 1801, but not removed by Jefferson
Lifelong Federalist after suffering in Valley Forge
Marbury Vs. Madison: William Marbury, made judge in Judiciary Act, sued Madison when he decided to kick Marubry out.
Marshall dismissed case, claiming Judiciary Act was unconstitutional, meaning the Supreme Court (infested with Federalists) had to review.
Chronological Order: Chesapeake Incident Embargo Act Louisiana Purchase Burr's trial for treason: Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Burr's Trial for Treason (1806)
Chesapeake Incident (1807)
Embargo Act (late 1807)

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