S&L Vocab 10-17
Terms
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- ENTERPRISE ZONE
- areas of community that offer special government incentives to stimulate investment
- INCORPORATION
- charter granted from state to creat municipality
- IN-KIND PROGRAMS
- non-cash welfare (food stamps, welfare)
- BOARD OF SUPERVISORS
- Label used in counties for the governing board
- STRATEGIC PLANNING
- emphasizes future events and changing conditions
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STRONG-MAYOR-COUNCIL
STRUCTURE - Mayor has power to veto city council and perform executive functions
- VICTIMLESS CRIME
- illegal act that does no one harm
- FISCAL STRESS
- financial pressure resulting from adverse social economic conditions
- AMENITIES
- comfort and comveniences that contribute to quality of life
- HOME-RULE
- Granted power from state to local government
- SOCIAL INSURANCE
- recipients contribute financally through SSI
- SHADOW GOVERNMENTS
- funtion like government but are unofficial
- INCENTIVE PACKAGES
- enticements offered to retain or attract business and industry
- CHARTER
- Document that sets out a city's structure, authority, and functions
- GRAND JURY
- appointed citizens examine evidence to determine if a person will go to trial
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MANDATE-REIMBURSEMENT
REQUIREMENTS - requires states to reimburse local government for any state mandate or give adequate revenue
- SCHOOL CHOICE
- permits individual selection of a school a child will attend
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WEAK-MAYOR-COUNCIL
STRUCTURE - Mayor lacks executive power:city council is source of executive and legislative power
- INDICTMENT
- formal written accusation submitted to court by grand jury alleging a specific crime
- PROPORTIONAL (FLAT) TAX
- people pay tax rate regardless of income or economic transaction
- GENTRIFICATION
- replaces low-end land with upscale uses
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DISTRICT (WARD)
ELECTIONS - Election when voters determine a representative for the district
- SUBSIDY
- financial help given by a goverment to a business
- GREENBELTS
- limited development in open space
- CITY MANAGER
- Hired by city council to handle daily operation of city
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TAXATION AND EXPENDITURE
LIMITATIONS (TELS) - restrictions on taxing and spending for state and local
- PUBLIC AUTHORITY
- governed by appointed board, special district funded by nontax revenue
- PROGRESSIVE TAX
- rate rises as base or taxable income rises
- REFORM MOVEMENT
- movement to "depoliticize" local governments. ex.) non -partisan elections, shorter ballots...
- PROGRESSIVE ERA
- Focused on reforming on cleaning up the environment
- TOWN MEETING
- yearly meeting residents from towns make decisions on policies concerning their town.
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INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BOND
(IDB) - type of revenue bond
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AT-LARGE
ELECTIONS - City voters vote to decide members of city council
- URBAN SPRAWL
- development characterized ny low population density, rapid land consumption, and dependence on the automobile
- PLURALIST THEORY
- theory that power is dispersed among competing groups clash produces societal rule
- REVENUE BOND
- backed up by expected income from specific project or service
- ELITE THEORY
- theory that small group of "elite" leaders posess power and rule society
- ALDERMEN
- City council members
- NON PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
- private sector groups that carry out religious, charitable, educational functions
- TAX EFFORT
- degreee a state exploits its fiscal potential
- REGRESSIVE TAX
- places greater burden on low income than on high income
- IMPACT FEE
- fee levied by government on developers. Intended to shift some social costs of growth to developer
- TAX CAPACITY
- potential ability to raise revenues from taxes