APHG chpt 6 b
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- least-cost theory
- a concept developed by Alfred Wegner to describe the optimal location of a manufacturing establishment in relation to the costs of transport and labor , and the relative advantages of agglomeration or deglomeration
- ancillary boundaries
- economic activities that surround and support large-scale industries such as shipping and food service
- industrial revolution
- the rapid economic and social changes in manufacturing that resulted after the introduction of the factory system to the textile industry in England at the end of the 18th century
- tertiary economic activities
- activities that provide the market exchange of goods and that bring together consumers and providers of services such as retail, transportation, government, personal, professional services
- Net National Product
- a measure of all goods and services produced by a country in a year, including productionfrom its investments abroad, minus the loss or degradation of natural rescource capital as a results of productivity
- footloose firms
- manufacturing activities in which cost of transportation both raw materials and finished product is not important for determining the location of the firm
- rostows stages of development
- a model of economic development that sedcribes a country's progression which occcurs in five stages tranforming them from least-developed coutry to most developed country
- productivity
- a measure of the goods and services produced within a particular country
- spatially fixed costs
- an input in cost in manufacturing that remains constant wherever production is located
- brick and morter business
- traditional businesses with actual stores in which trade ar retail occurs; it does not exist soley on the internet
- maquiladoras
- those US firms that have factories just outside the US/mexico border in areas that have been specially desgined by the export back into the US
- quarternary economic activities
- economic activities concerned with research, information gathering, and administration
- semi-periphery
- those newly industrialized with median standards of living, such as Chile, Brazil, India, China,and Indonesia. Semi-peripheral countries offer their citizens relative diverse economic opportunities but also have extreme gaps between rich and poor
- core-periphery model
- a model of the spatial structure of development in which underdeveloped countries are defined by their dependency on a developed core region
- gross domestic product (GDP)
- the total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period, usually one year
- secoundary economic activities
- economic activites concerned with the processinfg of raw materials such as manufacturing, construction, and power generation
- gross national product (GNP)
- the total value of goods and services, including income recieved by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year
- development
- the process of economic growth, expansion, or realization of regional rescource potential
- e-commerce
- web-based economic activities
- periphery
- countries that usually have low levels of economic productivity, low per capita incomes, and generally low standards of living
- world-systems theory
- theory developed by Immanuel Wallerstein that explains the emergence of a core, periphery, and semi-periphery in terms of economic and political connections first established at the beginning of exploration in the late 15th century and maintained through increased economic access un until the present.
- agglomeration
- grouping together of many firms from the same industry ina single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor rescources
- anthropocentric
- human centered
- transnational corperation
- a firm that conducts business in at least teo seperate countries; also known as multinational corperations
- quinary economic activities
- the most advanced form of quarternary activities consisting of high-level decision making for large corperations or high-level scientific research
- backwash effect
- the negative effects on one region that results from economic growth within another region
- manufactursing region
- a region in which manufacturing activities have clustered together. The major industrial region of the US has historically been in the great lakes
- industrialization
- process of industrial development in which countries evolved economically, from producing basic, primary goods to using modern factories for madd-producting goods. AT the highest levels of development, exchange of information
- world cities
- a group of cities that form an interconnected, internationally dominant system of globa control of finance and commerce
- core
- national or global regions where economic power, in terms of wealth, innovation, and advanced technology, is concentrated
- specialty goods
- goods that are not mass-produced but rather assembled individually or in small quantities
- regionalization
- the process by which specific regions acquire characteristics that differentiate them from other within the same country. involves the developement of dominant economic activities in particular regions
- fordism
- system of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford
- foreign investment
- overseas business invesments made by private companies
- rust belt
- the manufacturing region in the US that is currrently debilitated because many manufacturing fims have relocated to countries offering cheaper labor and laxed environmental regualtions
- globalization
- the idea that the world is becoming increasingly intercommunications connectd on a global scale such that smaller scales of political and economic life are becoming obsolete
- sustainable developement
- the idea that people living today should be able to meet their needs without prohibiting the ability of future generations to do the same
- deglomeration
- the dispersal of an industry that formerly existed in an established agglomeration
- least developed countries
- those countries including countries in Africa, except for South Africa, and parts of South America and Asia, that usually have low levels of economic productivity, low per capita incomes, and generally low standards of living
- human developement index
- measures by the UN that calculates developement not in terms of money or productivity but in terms of human welfare, based on three perameters: life espectancy, education, and income
- gender equality
- a measure of the opportunities given to women compared men within a given country
- deindustrialization
- loss of industrial activity in a region
- purchasing power parity
- a monetary measurement of developement that takes into account what money buys in different countries
- spatially variable costs
- an input costs in manufacturing that changes significantly from place to place in its total amount and in its relative share of total costs
- offshore financial center
- areas that have been specially designed to promote business transactions, and thus have become centers for banking and finance
- export processing zone
- areas where governments create favorable investments and trading conditions to attract export-oriented industries
- primary economic activites
- economic activities in which natural rescources are made available for use or processing, including mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing
- economic backwaters
- regions that fail to gain from national economic developement
- fast world
- area of the world usually the economic core, that experience greater levels of connection due to high-speed telecommunications and transpartation technologies
- service-based economies
- highly developed economies that focus on research and developement, marketing, tourism, sales, and telecommunications and transportation technology
- conglomerate corperation
- a firm that is comprised of many smaller firms that serve several different functions