Totora Microbiology Metabolism Worksheet
Terms
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- Indicate whether the following reactions are ANABOLIC or CATABOLIC, A + B -> AB
- ANABOLIC
- Indicate whether the following reactions are ANABOLIC or CATABOLIC, AB -> A + B
- CATABOLIC
- Indicate whether the following reactions are ANABOLIC or CATABOLIC, Starch -> Glucose
- CATABOLIC
- Indicate whether the following reactions are ANABOLIC or CATABOLIC, Amino Acids -> Proteins
- ANABOLIC
- Indicate whether the following reactions are ANABOLIC or CATABOLIC, Triglycerides -> Glycerol and 3 Fatty Acids
- CATABOLIC
- Indicate whether the following reactions are ANABOLIC or CATABOLIC, Gulcose -> Glycogen
- ANABOLIC
- Define all synthesis reactions in a living organism; the building of complex organic molecules from simpler ones
- ANABOLISM
- Define all decomposition reactions in a living organism; the breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones.
- CATABOLISM
- The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a living cell.
- Metabolism
- The substance that specific enzymes can react with
- Substrate
- A crevice where substrate binds to an enzyme during reaction
- Active Site
- An energy requiring process
- Anabolism
- Process where energy is released
- Catabolism
- The interaction between a substrate molecule and the active site of an enzyme, which changes shape slightly to embrace the substrate and catalyze the reaction
- Induced fit
- Fills the active site of an enzymen and competes with the normal substrate for the active site
- Competitive Inhibition
- When a noncompetitive inhibitor attaches to another part of the enzyme this is called the?
- Allosteric Site
- Allosteric inhibitors play a role in a kind of biochemical control called?
- Feedback inhibition
- When a series of enzymes makes an end product that inhibits the first enzyme in the series, thus shutting down the entire pathway when sufficient end-product has been made.
- Feedback inhibition
- A transcripitional control in anabolic pathway that blocks synthesis of enzymes when end products accumulate
- Enzyme repression
- A transcripitional control in catabolic pathway when enzymes are produced only when their substrates are present
- Enzyme Induction
- Non protein groups that bind to many enzymes and make them more reactive known as "helpers"
- Cofactor substrates
- Large organic molecules that act to transfer functional groups, protons, or electrons from one substrate to another
- Co enzymes
- The protein portion of an enzyme, can not function without the "help" of a co enzyme
- Apoenzyme
- The conbination of a co enzyme and an apoenzyme, a functional complex
- Holoenzyme
- Removal of electrons from a substance
- Oxidation
- Addition of electrons to a substance
- Reduction
- Indicate whether the compound below is in its OXIDIZED or REDUCED state, NAD+
- Oxidized
- Indicate whether the compound below is in its OXIDIZED or REDUCED state, FADH2
- Reduced
- Indicate whether the compound below is in its OXIDIZED or REDUCED state, NADH
- Reduced
- Indicate whether the compound below is in its OXIDIZED or REDUCED state, FAD
- Oxidized
- What produces ATP by chemiosmosis?
- Electron Transport Chain
- What forms pyruvate?
- Glycolysis
- What produces carbon dioxide as a waste product?
- TCA Cycle
- What can take place in the presence or absence of oxygen?
- Glycolysis
- What take place on the bacterial cell membrane?
- Electron Transport Chain
- What takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell?
- Glycolysis and TCA Cycle
- What produces ATP by substrate level phosphorylation?
- Glycolysis and TCA Cycle
- What makes use of compounds known as cytochromes?
- Electron Transport Chain
- What uses oxygen directly?
- Electron Transport Chain
- What is responsible for the complete oxidation of pyruvate?
- TCA Cycle
- How many ATP molecules must be invested to begin the process of glycolysis?
- 2
- How many ATP molecules are gained (net) in the coversion of one molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate?
- 2
- How many ATP molecules are formed/glucose during the TCA cycle?
- 15 per pyruvate
- How many ATP molecules are produced via the Electron Transport Chain in the processing of one FADH2 molceule?
- 2
- How many ATP molecules are produced via the Electron Transport Chain in the processing of one NADH molecule?
- 3
- How many ATP molecules are formed by bacterial cells carrying out aerobic respiration?
- 38
- How many ATP molecules are formed by bacterial cells carrying out fermentation?
- 2/per glucose
- How many carbon atoms are present in Glucose?
- 6
- How many carbon atoms are present in Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G-3-P)?
- 3
- How many carbon atoms are present in Pyruvate?
- 3
- How many carbon atoms are present in The Acetyl group carried by Coenzyme A?
- 2
- How many carbon atoms are present in Oxaloacetate?
- 4
- How many carbon atoms are present in Citrate?
- 6
- How many carbon atoms are present in Ethanol?
- 2
- How many carbon atoms are present in Lactic Acid?
- 3
- How is ATP produced by Substrate Level Phosphorylation?
- A Mechanism of ATP synthesis in which a high energy phosphate group is directly transferred from an intermediate in the pathway to ADP to make ATP
- How is ATP produced by Oxidative Phosphorylation (Chemiosmosis)?
- 3 steps 1 e- flow thru ETC 2 A proton gradient is established 3 H+ diffuse thru an ATP synthase
- List two ways in which Anaerobic Respiration differs from Aerobic Respiration
- 1 in Anaerobic something other than oxygen is the final electron acceptor 2 Anaerobic (Less than 38 but more than 2) does not produce as much ATP as Aerobic (36 or 38)
- List two ways in which Anaerobic Respiration differs from Fermentation
- Fermentation only produces 2 ATP while Anaerobic produces less than 38 but more than 2, and Fermentation can happen under either Aerobic or anaerobic conditions, while Anaerobic can only happen under Anaerobic conditions
- major production of atp during aerobic cellular respiration occurs when electron from _____ and _______ are transferred to ______.
- NADH, FADH2, OXYGEN
- OF THE THREE STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION, WHICH OCCURS IN THE CYTOSOL, OUTSIDE MITOCHONDRIA?
- GLYCOLYSIS
- OF THE THREE MAIN STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION, WHICH ONE USES OXYGEN DIRECTLY TO EXTRACT CHEMICAL ENERGY FROM ORGANIC COMPOUNDS?
- ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
- LIFE WITHOUT FERMENTATION?
-
WED HAVE NO:
CHEESE
YOGURT
BREAD
WINE, BEER, RUM - HOW MANY MOLECULES OF ATP ARE GENERATED PER MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE DURING FERMENTATION? HOW MANY CAN BE GENERATED DURING CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
- 2, 36
- ______ IS PRODUCED IN HUMAN MUSCLES CELLS DURING FERMENTATION AND ______ IS TO YEAST.
- LACTIC ACID, ALCOHOL
- WHICH TAKES PLACE IN THE INNER MEMBRANE OF THE MITOCHONRION?
- ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
- WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN AEROBIC RESPIRATION?
- ETC, TCA, GLYCOLYSIS
- WHICH CONVERTS PYRUVATE TO A SUBSTANCE OTHER THAN ACETYL COA?
- FERMENTATION
- WHICH TAKES PLACE IN THE MITOCHONRION MATRIX?
- KREBS CYCLE
- LACTIC ACID - PURPOSE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMPLE?
- MUSCLE CELLS USE FERMENTATION FOR A QUICK BURST OF ENERGY. WHEN ELECTRONS ARE RELEASED DURING GLYCOLYSIS AND ARE PASSED TO PYRUVIC ACID TO FORM TWO MOLECULES OF LACTIC ACID.
- WHICH IS MOST CONCENTRATED FORM OF ENERGY AND RESULTS IN THE MOST ATP/GRAM WHEN CATABOLIZED?
- CARBOHYDRATE
- WHICH IS PREFERRED BY MOST CELLS OF THE BODY AND RELEASES THE LEAST HARMFUL BYPRODUCTS OF METABOLISM?
- PROTEIN
- WHICH IS CATABOLYZED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ATP ONLY AS A LAST RESORT?
- PROTEIN
- WHICH IS STORED AS A GLYCOGEN IS INGESTED IN EXCESS?
- LIPID
- NADP+ IS REDUCED
- NONCYCLIC PATHWAY ONLY
- USES PHOTO SYSTEM 1 ONLY
- CYCLIC PATHWAY ONLY
- INVOLVES CARBON FIXATION
- CALVIN CYCLE
- PRODUCES ATP
- BOTH CYCLIC AND NON CYCLIC PATHWAY
- INVOLVES PHOTOLYSIS
- NONCYCLIC PATHWAY
- OCCURS IN THE STROMA
- CALVIN CYCLE
- PHOTSYSTEM 2 AND 1 REACTION
- NONCYCLIC PATHWAY
- TWO ETS #
- NONCYCLIC PATHWAY
- ONE # OF ETS
- CYCLIC PATHWAY
- CHEMICAL ENERGY: 6 ATP, 6 NADPH
- NONCYCLIC PATHWAY
- 3 ATP CHEMICAL ENERGY
- CYCLIC PATHWAY
- LIGHT REACTANT
- CYCLIC PATHWAY
- CELLULAR LOCATION: THYKALOID MEMBRANE
- NON AND CYCLIC PATHWAY
- CALVIN CYCLE REACTANT
- 9 ATP, 6 NADPH, 3 CO2, RUBISCO
- CALVIN CYCLE PRODUCTS
-
2-3 PHYPHOGLERCATE ,
G3P - CALVIN CYCLE CHEMICAL ENERGY
- ADP, NADPT
- RIBULOSE BIPHOSPHATE ACTS AS AN ACCEPTOR
- CALVIN CYCLE
- BREAKDOWN OF ORGANIC MOLECULES IS?
- EXERGONIC
- THIS RELEASED ENERGY IS ULTIMATELY USED TO SYNTHENSIZE ATP?
- FERMENTATION
- ELECTRON DONOR IS CALLED
- REDUCING AGENT
- ELECTRON RECEPTOR IS CALLED
- OXIDIZING AGENT
- GLUCOSE IS ALWAYS OXIDIZED TO _____
- CARBON DIOXIDE
- OXYGEN IS ALWAYS REDUCED TO _____
- WATER MOLECULE
- ACCOUNTS MOST FOR ATP SYNTHESIS
- OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
- OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
- ETC AND CHEMIOIOSIS
- PROTON MOTIVE FORCE
- H+ GRADIENT
- CELLULAR RESPIRATION PROCESS:
- GLUCOSE-NADH-ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN- PROTON MOTIVE FORCE- ATP