Med Terms-Muscular System
Terms
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- fibrous conn. tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles
- Fascia
- connects bone to muscle
- Tendon
- flat fibrous conn. tissue, similar to tendon but can also attach to tissues
- Aponeurosis
- Approx. how many muscles in human body and what percent of body weight do they make up?
- 600, 40-45%
- TISSUE: striated, voluntary
- Skeletal
- TISSUE: a.k.a. myocardial muscle, striated, involuntary
- Cardiac
- TISSUE: unstriated, involuntary, walls of internal organs, control fluid flow, can be referred to as visceral muscle
- Smooth
- study of muscular activity or movement
- Kinesiology
- muscles working opposite to each other and change shape
- Antagonistic
- tightens and become shorter and thicker, belly enlarges
- Contraction
- longer and thinner, belly isn't enlarged
- Relaxation
- (tonus) normal state of balanced muscle tension
- Muscle Tone
- stimulation of a muscle by a motor nerve impulse, contracts
- Muscle Innervation
- when Nervous and Muscular Systems interact
- Neuromuscular
- change of joint position produced by muscle movement
- Range of Motion (ROM)
- moving away from midline
- Abduction
- moving towards midline
- Adduction
- rotating arm so palm of hand is upward
- Supination
- rotating arm so palm of hand is downward
- Pronation
- decreasing the angle between two bones, bending a limb at a joint
- Flexion
- increasing the angle between two bones, straightening a limb
- Extension
- going beyond the normal limit
- Hyperextension
- raising a body part
- Elevator or levator
- lowering a body part
- Depression
- circular movement around an axis
- Rotation
- circular movement of a limb at the far end
- Circumduction
- bends the foot upward at the ankle
- Dorsiflexion
- bends the foot downward, pertaining to sole of foot
- Plantar flexion
- flexor
- Action
- lateralis, medialis, external
- Location
- oblique, transvere, rectus, sphincter
- Fiber direction
- maximus, minimus
- Size
- Biceps, Triceps...
- Number of Divisions
- 2 points of attachment
- Origin and Insertion
- imflammation of the covering of the muscle
- Faciitis
- tenodynia or pain in the tendon
- Tenalgia
- inflammation of tendon due to overuse
- Tendonitis
- abnormal band of fibrous tissue
- Adhesion
- weakness and wasting away of muscles
- Atrophy
- degeneration of muscle tissue
- Myolysis
- rupture of muscle
- Myorrhexis
- inflammation of muscle tissue
- Myositis
- chronic progressive diesease
- polymyositis
- protrusion of a part through the tissues
- Hernia
- protrusion of a muscle thru its fascia
- myocele (cele-hernia)
- w/o tone
- Atonic
- abnormal tone
- Dystonia
- excessive tone w/ increased resistence of muscle to passive stretching
- Hypertonia
- excessive tone w/ decreased resistence of muscle
- Hypotonia
- delayed relaxation of a muscle after a strong contraction
- Myotonia
- inability to coord. muscles to carry out a vol. movement
- Ataxia
- partial ataxia, abnormal, diff. in controling
- Dystaxia
- abnormal shortening of muscle tissue; resistant to stretch
- Contracture
- complex of symp. caused by poor circ. and may indicate larger circ. problems
- Intermittent claudication
- sudden, violent invol. contraction
- Spasm
- wryneck, stiff neck due to contrac. pulling head to the side
- Spasmodic torticollis
- slowness in movement
- bradykinesia
- impairment of movement (vol.)
- Dyskinesia
- overdrive, extra fast movement
- Hyperkinesia
- decreased motor activity
- Hypokinesia