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Science Final

Terms

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Cell
smallest unit of life that carries on life functions
Genotype
genetic makeup of an organism
Biotic factors
living ecosystem components
Guard cells
In a plant leaf, cells that surround the stomata to open and close them
Homeostasis
The maintenance of steady conditions inside an organism
Ecology
The study of interactions among organisms and their environment
Heredity
passing of traits from one generation to another
Stimulus
Anything an organism reacts to
Recessive
a trait that is hidden
Secondary succession
takes place in an area that has soil that was once the home of living organisms
habitat
place in which an organism lives
Estuary
where a river meets an ocean
Phylogenic inheritance
more than one set of genes controls a trait
Angiosperms
Vascular plants with flowers; produce seeds inside a fruit
Spore
Reproductive cell of fungi
Elevation
Distance above sea level
Hyphae
Mass of threadlike tubes that make up a fungus
Carrying Capacity
The largest number of individuals of one species that an ecosystem cam support over time
Control
Standard used to compare with the outcome of a test
Ecosystem
All of the organisms living in an area and the nonliving features of their environment
Pioneer species
name given to the first plants to grow in new environments
Energy
required for recycling matter
Producers
The first level of the food chain
Consumer
Organisms that cannot make their own energy rich molecules
Recombinant DNA
inserting DNA into bacteria
Incomplete dominance
both alleles are expressed in offspring
Nitrogen fixation
Changing nitrogen gas to usable nitrogen in the soil
Cambium
Tissue that produces new xylem and phloem cells
Pseudopods
Footlike cytoplasm extensions
Probability
the chance that an event will take place
Development
Changes that living things undergo as they grow
Cellulose
composes the cell wall of plants
Response
Reaction of an organism to a stimulus
Population
All of the organisms in an ecosystem that belong to the same species
Latitude
Distance from the equator
Budding
Form of reproduction used by yeast in which the organism grows off the side of a parent
Cilia
Threadlike structures extending from the cell membrane of Paramecia
Rhizoid
root like filament that holds moss in place
Niche
how an organism survives, including its habitat, and how it obtains food and shelter
Ecological succession
gradual changes that occur in the types of species that live in an area
Dicot
Flowering plants with two cotyledons inside their seeds
Gene therapy
a normal allele is placed into a virus
Climax community
An area that has reached a stable stage of ecological succession
Biomes
large geographic areas with similar climates and ecosystems
Water
Cell fluids are all mostly this compound
Lichen
Organisms made of fungus and green algae or a cyanobacteria
Vascular plants
plants with a tube like system of vessels
Phloem
Tissue that moves food from leaves to other plant parts
Adaptation
Characteristic that an organism that helps it to survive in its environment
Sugar
High energy molecules made from photosynthesis
Phenotype
physical appearance resulting from genotype
Climate
Average weather over time
Variable
what is being tested in an experiment
Limiting factor
anything that restricts the number of individuals in a population
Sex linked gene
an allele inherited on a sex chromosome
Organism
living thing
Fertilizers
Applied to replace soil nitrogen in crop fields, lawns, and gardens
Heredity
study of inheritance
Producer
Organisms that use an outside energy source, such as the Sun, to make energy rich molecules
Biosphere
The part of earth that supports life
Cuticle
Waxy layer on stems and leaves
Symbiosis
Any close relationship between species
Permafrost
Soil layer below the thawed surface in tundra and taiga biomes
community
All of the populations in an ecosystem
Gymnosperms
vascular plants with no flowers or fruit; produce seeds in cones
Algae
Plantlike protists

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