Biology Final
Terms
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- free oxygen
- Earth's primitive atmosphere did NOT contain
- seed fern
- early dominant seed-bearing plants that were replaced by gymnosperms
- Amphibians are distinguished from earlier vertebrates by
- the development of limbs capable of moving on land.
- the components of water molecules, mineral ions dissolved inwater, the weathering of rocks, the atmosphere
- ecosystems obtain essential raw materials from
- salamanders
- The class of amphibians that has members that retain larval features are the
- False
- Mosses have independent sporophytes
- megaspore
- spore type that develops inside ovules
- glycocalyx
- structure which allows bacteria to cling to surfaces, and also may help them avoid being ingested by white blood cells
- simple organic molecules can form spontaneously
- By mimicking the conditions of early earth, Miller and others showed that
- Lamprey
- agnatha
- photosynthesis by autotrophs
- primary method for removing CO2 from the atmosphere
- spirillum
- helical (spiral)
- amphibian
- NOT an amniote
- precipitates into the oceans
- most of the water that eveaporates from the ocean
- skate
- chondrichthyes
- Seedless vascular plants
- What group dominated the Carboniferous period and is now burned as coal?
- Cow
- Which organism is a primary consumer?
- pollination
- arrival of pollen grains on female reproductive structure
- tropical forests
- carbon remains free for the shortest time here
- pink, rod-shaped bacteria in chains
- Gram-negative strpetobacillus bacteria would appear
- a chemical stain; purple
- The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria react to the presence of ______ and appear ______ under the microscope.
- Continuing wet and rainy conditions
- Which weather condition would you expect to have the greatest POSITIVE impact on sexual reproduction of ferns and mosses?
- ferns
- not heterosporous
- primary carnivores
- A consumer on the fourth trophic level eats
- staphlo
- in bunches or clumps
- cell membranes
- Fatty acids and glycerol can combine to form long-tail lipid molecules in simulated evaporating tidepools. These may self-assemble into tiny sacs like
- plasmid
- bacterial structure located inside the plasma membrane
- strepto
- in chains
- chorion
- the outermost embryonic membrane that forms the embryonic part of the placenta in mammals
- biological magnification
- accumulation of toxic pollutants in animals
- prokaryotic fission
- Figure 21-5e illustrates
- Nutrients and energy move differently through the ecosystem in that ___________
- nutrients can be recylcled, but energy moves in one direction through the ecosystem.
- microspore
- spore type that produces pollen
- amnion
- membrane which encloses the fluids which surround the developing bird embryo
- decomposers
- In an natural community, which are found on ALL consumer trophic levels?
- tuna
- osteichthyes
- ovule
- female reproductive parts that become seeds
- tadpole
- amphibia
- reptiles
- mammals and birds both evolved from
- prokaryotic
- By far, the most abundant living organisms on earth
- ferns
- have vascular tissue
- yolk sac
- membrane structure that provides nourishment for reptile and bird embroyos
- body temperature
- A high metabolic rate is necessary in order for birds and mammals to regulate
- microspore
- spore type that produces pollen
- shelled egg
- The evolution of the ______________ in reptiles permitted a rapid colonization of terrestrial habitats.
- coccus
- spherical
- peat moss
- What bryophyte was used for bandages during World War I?
- bacillus
- cylindrical (rod-shaped)
- cycads
- First organisms that did not require water for reproduction
- gnetophytes
- include Welwitschia in hot African deserts and Gnetum of humid tropical regions.
- Blue green bacteria
- Early in the Proterozoic eon (2.5 billion years ago), the noncyclic pathway had evolved among _______ that were producing oxygen.
- amphibians
- Exchange of respiratory gases through the skin is a characteristic of many
- Producers
- NOT dependent on others as a source of food
- amphibians; maintain a constant body temperature
- Reptiles resemble _________ in not being able to __________.
- phosphorous
- An excess of this in aquatic systems likely accounts for massive algal blooms
- nucleus; chloroplasts
- The _________ may formed from infoldings of the early cell membrane, and ________ may have evolved from photosynthetic bacteria engulfed by predatory cells and then kept alive in the cell.
- pili / conjugation tubes
- structure necessary for sexual reproduction in bacteria
- ephedra
- gymnosperm whose extract has been used for weight loss
- Sporophyte
- Increasingly complex land plants developed as the _________, more resistant to cooler, drier, to unfavorable conditions, became dominate
- groundwater
- About half of the U.S. population obtains drinking water from
- teeth
- Even though birds are believed to have descended from carnivorous dinosaurs, birds do NOT have
- conifers
- largest phylum of gymnosperms
- the diminishing of usable energy as it is transferred through an ecosystem
- The pyramid of energy illustrates
- Lancelet
- Cephalochordate
- The ultimate source of all energy in a terrestrial ecosystem is _________
- the organic matter in all the organisms of the ecosystem.
- top carnivores
- organisms most vulnerable to the effects of DDT
- about twice as much as
- The amount of energy moved through a detrital food web is _______ that of a grazing web.
- as a result of metabolism.
- Most of the energy within an ecosystem is lost _______________